Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Structure and Therapeutic Properties

Santra, Hiran Kanti; Banerjee, Debdulal

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0045-6_17

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Endophytes open up new fortunes for the medical world [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Our findings of the diverse activity exhibited by endophytes of Andrographis paniculata (Green Chiretta) are just a new addition to that fact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Bioactive Compounds with Broad Spectrum Bactericidal Action, Bio-Film Inhibition and Antilarval Potential by the Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungus Cochliobolus sp. APS1 Isolated from the Indian Medicinal Herb Andrographis paniculata

2022

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Endophytes, being the co-evolution partners of green host plants, are factories of pharmaceutically valuable novel natural products. Cochliobolus sp. APS1, an endophyte of Andrographis paniculata (Green Chiretta), produces a plethora of natural bioactive compounds and the multipotent alkaloid Aziridine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-, is the prime one among them. The isolate exhibited antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and antilarval potency. The MIC and MBC values of the ethyl-acetate culture extract ranged from 15.62 to 250 µg/mL against ten pathogenic microorganisms (including MRSA and VRSA). Killing kinetics data along with the leakage of macromolecules into the extracellular environment supports the cidal activity of the antibacterial principles. The broad spectrum antibacterial activity of Aziridine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-, was optimized by a one-variable-at-a-time system coupled with response surface methodology, which led to a 45% enhancement of the antibacterial activity. The maximum response (22.81 ± 0.16 mm of zone of inhibition against MRSA) was marked in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 90 mL potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/L) glucose, 9.7; urea concentration, 0.74; with medium pH 6.48; after 8.76 days of incubation at 26 °C. APS1 strongly inhibited biofilm formation in the tested pathogenic microorganisms and acts as a larvicidal agent against the Dengue-vector Aedes aegypti. This is probably the first report of Aziridine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-, from any endophytic source. Cochliobolus sp. APS1 possesses industrial importance for the production of bioactive alkaloids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Bioactive Compounds with Broad Spectrum Bactericidal Action, Bio-Film Inhibition and Antilarval Potential by the Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungus Cochliobolus sp. APS1 Isolated from the Indian Medicinal Herb Andrographis paniculata

2022

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“…It is very necessary to keep any industrial-fermentation-based production line in a cost-efficient way, and optimisation of necessary growth parameters for the maximum production of the microbial product remains the primary target ( Santra and Banerjee, 2021 ). To meet that criterion, we have optimised the fermentation parameters by the OVAT (one variable at a time) method coupled with RSM (response surface methodology) and BBD (Box Behnken Design).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Action of Cell-Free Culture Extracts and Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Endophytic Fungi Curvularia Eragrostidis

Santra

Banerjee

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Endophytes are the mutualistic microorganisms that reside within the host plant and promote plant growth in adverse conditions. Plants and their endophytes are engaged in a symbiotic relationship that enables endophytes to access bioactive genes of the ethnomedicinal plants, and, as a result, endophytes are constantly addressed in the sector of pharmaceuticals and agriculture for their multidomain bio-utility. The gradual increase of antimicrobial resistance can be effectively countered by the endophytic metabolites. In these circumstances, in the present investigation, endophytic Curvularia eragrostidis HelS1 was isolated from an ethnomedicinally valuable plant Helecteris isora from East India’s forests. The secondary volatile and non-volatile metabolites are extracted from HelS1 and are found to be effective broad-spectrum antimicrobials. A total of 26 secondary metabolites (9 volatiles and 17 non-volatiles) are extracted from the isolate, which exhibits effective antibacterial [against six Gram-positive and seven Gram-negative pathogens with a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value ranging from 12.5 to 400 μg ml–1] and antifungal (against seven fungal plant pathogens) activity. The secondary metabolite production was optimised by one variable at a time technique coupled with the response surface methodology. The results revealed that there was a 34% increase in antibacterial activity in parameters with 6.87 g L–1 of fructose (as a carbon source), 3.79 g L–1 of peptone (as a nitrogen source), pH 6.75, and an inoculation period of 191.5 h for fermentation. The volatile metabolite production was also found to be optimum when the medium was supplemented with yeast extract and urea (0.2 g L–1) along with dextrose (40 g L–1). Amongst extracted volatile metabolites, 1-H-indene 1 methanol acetate, tetroquinone, N, N-diphenyl-2-nitro-thio benzamide, Trans 1, 2-diethyl-trans-2-decalinol, naphthalene, and azulene are found to be the most effective. Our investigation opens up opportunities in the sector of sustainable agriculture as well as the discovery of novel antimicrobials against dreadful phyto and human pathogens.

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“…The domain of carbohydrate-based polymer research has a footprint in multiple arenas of modern-day therapeutics as antitumors, immunomodulators, probiotics, antiallergics, anti-radiants, and antimicrobials. Their structural diversity, unique linkages, rheological properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility have also promoted their use as inert polymers for nano-drug delivery, therapeutic diagnosis, bioactive compound encapsulation, and also in wound healing (Santra and Banerjee, 2021). The thickening and gelling properties of polysaccharides have made them suitable candidates to be used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as an alternative to synthetic polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad spectrum bioactivity of a novel β-glucan rich heteropolysaccharide, Pestalopine isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6

Santra

Banerjee

2023

Arch Microbiol

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A biologically potent exopolysaccharide (EPS); Pestalopine was produced by Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6, an endophytic fungal isolate of Chloranthus elatior Sw. Pestalopine is composed of glucose, arabinose, fucose, rhamnose, and galactose in a molar ratio of nearly 10:1:2:2:4 having an Mw ∼ 3.29 x 10 5 Da. Pestalopine exhibited a radical scavenging effect and signi cantly increased antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione oxidized glutathione) in peritoneal macrophage cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a maximum effect at 500 mg mL − 1 . Pestalopine is hepatoprotective in nature and improves the liver function pro les; -total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, hepatic enzymes-alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase of liver brosis induced (through Thioacetamide) male Wistar rats in comparison to control. Pestalopine-fed rats are reported to have higher counts of bene cial Lactobacillus sp. Present ndings suggest that Pestalopine may have promise as a non-toxic exogenous antioxidant with hepatoprotective and probiotic e cacies. Contribution to the eldSecondary metabolites synthesized by endophytic fungi hold numerous pharmaceutical potentialities.Especially exopolysaccharides produced in culture broth are majorly antioxidative in action. In the current situation, there is a huge scarcity of potent antioxidants that can replace contemporary synthetic ones which hold numerous detrimental side effects. Natural products are always the rst choice to replace the existing ones and other than plant sources, novel metabolites from potent endophytic fungi are acting as prominent sources nowadays. Here an effort has been made to explore secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes of medicinal plants for the production of potent antioxidants. In the present investigation, β-glucan rich heteropolysaccharide (named Pestalopine) produced by an endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6 (isolated from Chloranthus elatior Sw.) exhibited in-vitro free radical scavenging activity, antioxidative activity, and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity. Also, Pestalopine modulated gut microbial ora of treated Male Wistar rats. Investigational outcomes shades light on the immense health bene ts of endophytic fungal secondary metabolites, mainly macromolecules like exopolysaccharides. The present outcome holds future potential for the commercialization of Pestalopine as a major in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant.

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Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Structure and Therapeutic Properties

Cited by 10 publications

References 130 publications

Production of Bioactive Compounds with Broad Spectrum Bactericidal Action, Bio-Film Inhibition and Antilarval Potential by the Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungus Cochliobolus sp. APS1 Isolated from the Indian Medicinal Herb Andrographis paniculata

Production of Bioactive Compounds with Broad Spectrum Bactericidal Action, Bio-Film Inhibition and Antilarval Potential by the Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungus Cochliobolus sp. APS1 Isolated from the Indian Medicinal Herb Andrographis paniculata

Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Action of Cell-Free Culture Extracts and Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Endophytic Fungi Curvularia Eragrostidis

Broad spectrum bioactivity of a novel β-glucan rich heteropolysaccharide, Pestalopine isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6

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