Microbial Exposure Assessment of Waterborne Pathogens

Coffey, Rory; Cummins, Enda; Cormican, Martin; O'Flaherty, Vincent; Kelly, Stephen A.

doi:10.1080/10807030701655582

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…While qualitative approaches can provide an effective means of assessing risks with minimum resources and limited data, they lack the precision and predictive ability of fully quantitative approaches. Conversely, the quantitative models are complex and require large amounts of data, are variable in their accuracy and, in the evaluation of Coffey et al (2007), no one model could account for all hydrological and geological factors of relevance and also model the physical transport of bacteria in surface run-off. The best performing models were of medium to high complexity in terms of user expertise and the quantity of data required for their implementation.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of risk assessment, risk management and risk communication is, in some frameworks, collectively termed 'risk analysis'. Microbiological risk assessment frameworks relevant to waterborne risk are discussed by Haas et al (1999, Chapter 3); WHO (2003); Gale (2001a&b, 2003, Coffey et al (2007) and Goss & Richards (2008).…”

Section: Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of models that are intended for, or could be adapted to, microbial waterborne risk assessment do currently exist and were reviewed by Coffey et al (2007). Some are qualitative while others are quantitative and complex in terms of data needs and computational structure.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1961 These five zoonotic pathogens of primary concern will be the subject of this risk comparison chapter. Notably, the organisms selected also correspond with those non-viral pathogens identified by Coffey et al (2007) as being the greatest causes of waterborne disease outbreaks in USA and Europe during the late 20 th century.…”

Section: Pathogen Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Coffey et al (2007) risk assessment models are critical to protect human health from contaminated water sources.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Dufour¹,

Bartram²,

Bos³

et al. 2013

wio

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The excreta (faeces and urine) of mammals and birds are widespread across planet Earth and frequently contaminate water that is used for bathing and recreation, that is treated and distributed for human consumption, and that is used to irrigate crops.The risk that such contamination represents to human health is inadequately understood. It is widely assumed that faeces of animals represents a lesser risk to human health than human faeces of because of the 'species barrier' and especially the species-specificity of most viruses. This book points to a rational and systematic way of assessing the risks and to cost-effective approaches to manage them. The information presented is expected to have important consequences for prioritisation of preventive and remedial interventions.

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Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogen Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Coffey et al (2007) risk assessment models are critical to protect human health from contaminated water sources.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Dufour¹,

Bartram²,

Bos³

et al. 2013

wio

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Uncertainty in modelling of faecal coliform overland transport associated with manure application in Maryland

Guber

Pachepsky

Yakirevich

et al. 2011

Hydrological Processes

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Concerns for microbial safety of surface water facilitate development of predictive models that estimate concentrations and total numbers of pathogen and indicator organisms leaving manure‐fertilized fields in overland flow during runoff events. Spatial variability of bacterial concentrations in applied manure introduces high uncertainty in the model predictions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the uncertainty in model predictions of the manure‐borne bacteria overland transport caused by limited information on the spatial distribution of bacteria in surface‐applied manure. Experiments were carried out at the ARS Beltsville experimental watershed site (OPE3) in Maryland. Dairy bovine manure was applied at a 59·3 t/ha rate on the 3·55 hectare experimental field. Faecal coliform (FC) concentrations in manure measured in 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2009 varied by 4 orders of magnitude each year. Both runoff volume and FC concentrations in runoff water were monitored using a runoff flume equipped with a refrigerated pump sampler. Two runoff events occurred before the manure was incorporated into the soil. A bacteria transport add‐on module simulator of transport with infiltration and runoff (STWIR) was linked with the event‐based kinematic runoff and erosion model (KINEROS2) to simulate convective‐dispersive overland transport, bacteria release from manure, reversible attachment–detachment to soil, and surface straining of infiltrating bacteria. The model was successfully calibrated with the field experiment data. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to account for the spatial variation in FC in applied manure and uncertainty in the FC distribution in manure caused by the small number of samples. A tenfold and twofold variation in FC concentrations in the runoff were obtained within the 90% probability interval when initial FC spatial distributions in the manure were represented by 5 and 29 samples, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. removal by bank filtration at Beberibe River, Brazil

Freitas

Cabral

Rocha

et al. 2017

River Research & Apps

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In bank filtration (BF) technology, a production well is pumped near surface water and induces water flow from the river through a porous medium to the well by percolation into the soil.Several physical, chemical, and biological processes occur, providing a natural water treatment along the river banks. An experimental area was installed on the Beberibe River with 2 production wells and 7 monitoring wells. The BF potential in removing pathogenic intestinal parasites and analysis of physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters was evaluated, according to Standard Methods. River-aquifer interaction was characterized by piezometric levels of production wells. Monitoring of the wells was correlated with the water depth of the river and precipitation. Parasite analysis was performed using Hoffman, Pons, and Janer's methods of spontaneous sedimentation, followed by centrifugation and preparation of slides stained with acetic Lugol. Protozoa oocysts were isolated by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen method, preceded by sedimentation and centrifugation. The pathogenic protozoa found in samples from Beberibe River were Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Entamoeba histolytica/dispar complex, and Isospora belli. Pathogenic helminths were also detected: Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, and hookworm eggs and larvae, Hymenolepis nana. In water samples from the production wells, no waterborne pathogens were found. The BF pilot project was effective in reducing levels of turbidity and color. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli were absent in the production wells.Piezometric levels of production wells and monitoring wells correlated with water depth of Beberibe River show hydraulic connection between the production wells and river, thus featuring a river-aquifer interaction. The BF pilot system showed potential for reduction or elimination of pathogenic intestinal parasites.

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Microbial Exposure Assessment of Waterborne Pathogens

Cited by 47 publications

References 81 publications

Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Uncertainty in modelling of faecal coliform overland transport associated with manure application in Maryland

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. removal by bank filtration at Beberibe River, Brazil

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