Microbial Feed Additives

Abstract

The recent global concerns associated with the use of antibiotics and other growth-promoting stimulants in the animal feeds have created a window of opportunities and responsibilities for livestock nutritionists to search for alternative safer feed additives, such as direct-fed microbials based on viable naturally occurring benefi cial microorganisms. In the last decade, nutritionists and microbiologists have elucidated comprehensive details related to the normal intestinal microbiota of mammals and also the benefi ts it provides to the host. In this milieu, numerous species and strains of probiotic bacteria, yeast, and fungal cultures have been isolated and experimented, and a number of these microbes have been found to confer numerous benefi ts to the host animal when added to a diet. Some of the benefi ts associated with these microbial supplements are stimulation of benefi cial microbial growth in the rumen, stabilization of the rumen pH, improved ruminal fermentation and end-product production, increased nutrient fl ow and digestibility, alleviated stress, enhanced immune response, reduced pathogens, reduced acidosis, improved weight gain, increased milk yield, etc. Although the research on the use of microbes as animal feed additives has been intensive as well as extensive in the last couple of decades, more investigations, nevertheless, are still needed to ascertain the species-and strain-specifi c effects associated with these microorganisms, to explicate the molecular mechanisms involved in the animal responses, and also to search for more effi cient and steady formulations for maximum and consistent livestock productivity.

Dietary Supplementation of Lysophospholipids Affects Feed Digestion in Lambs

“…A wide range of feed additives has been studied and applied for rumen fermentation manipulation in sheep production [3,4,5,6]. In addition to directly providing nutrients, such as rumen-protected lysine, the supplementation of microbial additives and antibiotics has been the major nutritional approach to altering rumen function and animal performance [7,8]. However, microbial additives are normally unstable in their quality and consequently in the response of animal performance [7].…”

“…In addition to directly providing nutrients, such as rumen-protected lysine, the supplementation of microbial additives and antibiotics has been the major nutritional approach to altering rumen function and animal performance [7,8]. However, microbial additives are normally unstable in their quality and consequently in the response of animal performance [7]. Antibiotics, such as monesin, have been banned in some countries due to concerns over the formation of antibiotic-resistant microbial mutants [8,9].…”

Reducing carbon emission in the goat farms by switching from conventional goat farming to green goat farm typology

“…Robertson et al (2015) measured the GHG emission from the cradle to the farm gate for fat and protein-corrected goat milk and found that the carbon footprint was between 0.84 and 1.03 kg CO 2 -eq. On the other hand, several previous studies have focused on mitigation strategies such as feeding strategies, benefiting rumen modifiers, and selecting the appropriate animal breed for reducing enteric methane and GHG emissions (Dohme et al, 2000;Bhatta et al, 2009;Patra and Saxena, 2010;Ripoll-Bosch et al, 2013;Nagpal et al, 2015;Vagnoni et al, 2015). However, all previous studies ignored the effects of the management system of the goat farm.…”

Molecular identification and technological properties of yeasts isolated from spontaneously fermented cassava waste pulp

“…(Oboh 2006;Ubalua 2007), Trichoderma viride (Ezekiel et al 2010), Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Iyayi and Losel 2001), Rhizopus oligosporus and Aspergillus niger (Kolapo et al 2021), and Rhizopus oryzae (Vlavonou 1988) resulted in a product with higher protein content, lower cyanogenic glycosides and phytate content. In addition, the inclusion of microorganisms with probiotic potentials to the animal diet is known to promote growth and enhance the performance of livestock (Nagpal et al 2015;Arowolo and He 2018). In this regard, some yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Alizadeh et al 2016), selenium yeast and Phaffia rhodozyma yeast (Shurson 2018) have shown remarkable usefulness.…”