Microbial Imprinting in Gut Development and Health

Dibner, J. J.; Richards, J. D.; Knight, C. D.

doi:10.3382/japr.2007-00100

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…In addition, the evidence is increasing that gut microbiota plays an important role in health, immunity and disease prevention (Dibner et al, 2008;Sekirov et al, 2008). The published data (Turnbaugh et al, 2006;Caesar et al, 2010;Wlodarska and Finlay, 2010) supported the view that altered microbiota is linked to obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis and cancer.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Antimicrobials, Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Chickens

Lee¹,

Lillehoj²

2011

Korean Journal of Poultry Science

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The use of antimicrobials will be soon removed due to an increase of occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or ionophore-resistant Eimeria species in poultry farms and consumers' preference on drug-free chicken meats or eggs. Although dietary antimicrobials contributed to the growth and health of the chickens, we do not fully understand their interrelationship among antimicrobials, gut microbiota, and host immunity in poultry. In this review, we explored the current understanding on the effects of antimicrobials on gut microbiota and immune systems of chickens. Based on the published literatures, it is clear that antibiotics and antibiotic ionophores, when used singly or in combination could influence gut microbiota. However, antimicrobial effect on gut microbiota varied depending on the samples (e.g., gut locations, digesta vs. mucosa) used and among the experiments. It was noted that the digesta vs. the mucosa is the preferred sample with the results of no change, increase, or decrease in gut microbiota community. In future, the mucosa-associated bacteria should be targeted as they are known to closely interact with the host immune system and pathogen control. Although limited, dietary antimicrobials are known to modulate humoral and cell-mediated immunities. Ironically, the evidence is increasing that dietary antimicrobials may play an important role in triggering enteric disease such as gangrenous dermatitis, a devastating disease in poultry industry. Future work should be done to unravel our understanding on the complex interaction of host-pathogen-microbiotaantimicrobials in poultry.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Antimicrobials, Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Chickens

Lee¹,

Lillehoj²

2011

Korean Journal of Poultry Science

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“…According to traditional concepts, microbiocenosis of embryonal digestive system is sterile, and its colonization by microorganisms takes place after chicken hatching [5][6][7]. Bacteria inhabiting poultry intestine normally include bifidobacteria, streptococci, lactobacilli, lactate fermenting bacteria, eubacteria, bacteroides and enterobacteria [1,8,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiome Changes During Ontogenesis

Фисинин¹,

Laptev²,

Никонов³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tMicroorganisms which inhabit gut play great role in providing with nutrients, antibiotics, hormones and vitamins necessary for poultry health and performance. Therefore study of gut microbiome changes during ontogenesis seems to be essential. The structure of gut microflora in poultry embryos is of particular interest and debated because of very few publications on the problem. Despite embryo intestine is commonly considered sterile there are several reports on gut colonization by microorganisms in embryos during ontogenesis. Using T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis to generate a fingerprint of a microbial community we compared gut flora in chick embryos on days 6 and 17 to those in 26-day, 150-day and 300-day old Hisex White layers. Unlike accepted view, a high biodiversity was seen in embryo gut with Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli mainly) predominated. Clostridia, Bacteroides, Negativicutes, Actinomycetales, Bifidocteriales were also found in contrast to earlier reports of their presence only in chicks at hatching and in adult poultry gut. Moreover, in the embryo gut we found the causal agents of dangerous animal disease, Burkholderia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella sp., Klebsiella sp. and Rickettsiales bacteria. Interestingly, the embryo gut biodiversity on day 6 was higher as compared to day 17 (75±2.75 phylotypes vs 30±1.20 phylotypes). In the layers aged 26, 150 and 300 days the diversity was much higher (over 175±8.12 phylotypes) as compared to embryos due to new members involved into gut bacterial community. Moreover, the poultry aged 300 days was lower both in the total diversity and in the percentage of unidentified microorganisms when compared to 26-day and 150-day old hens. In the adults, the predominating microbial taxa changed, in particular, Clostridia and Negativicutes became more abundant whereas Bacillales and Bifidobacteriales were depressed. Our findings indicate gut colonization by Lactobacilales and pathogenic Listeria sp., Pantoea sp., Enterobacter sp., Mycoplasma sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pasteurellaceae, Campylobacteraceae, Fusobacteria which occurred during ontogenesis. Thus the gut microbiome formation starts in embryo which is important for hatching and growing healthy poultry.

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“…The introduction of 'commensal' microbiota to the gastrointestinal tract is critical to the development of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Interactions between the microbiota, the host intestinal tract and its associated immune tissues are necessary for the complete and robust development of the gastrointestinal system [9]. The gut microbial profile can be manipulated with probiotics in order to create conditions favourable to enhancing growth and health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In ovo and Dietary Supplementation of Probiotics Affects Post-Hatch Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Broiler Chicks

Pender¹,

Kim²,

Sumners³

et al. 2017

J immuno Biol

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During the first week post-hatch, the neonatal chick is immunologically vulnerable and subject to infectious threats found in the environment. Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms known to have a positive effect on the host by improving the natural balance of gut microbiota and promoting animal health. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of administering probiotics in ovo and in the diet on broiler chick hatchability, and post-hatch immune organ weights and ileal immune-related gene expression. At embryonic day 18, 1584 eggs were injected with nothing (Dry), 1 × 10 6 , or 1 × 10 7 (P1 and P2 respectively) probiotic bacteria. The remaining 393 eggs were left non-injected to serve as a negative control. Immune organ weights and tissue samples were taken on DOH and d4, 6, 8, 14, and 20. No differences were observed for hatchability or relative bursa weights. Only on d6, the P2 birds receiving the probiotic-supplemented diet had larger spleens as a result of a 2-way interaction between in ovo treatment and post-hatch diet. Both in ovo and dietary administration of probiotics were able to modulate the expression of the immune-related genes in the ileum; however, expression patterns differed based on the gene, treatment, and time point evaluated. In conclusion, these results indicate that in ovo supplementation of this commercial probiotic product does not influence hatchability and is capable of differentially modulating expression of certain genes in the ileum. Furthermore, in ovo administration of probiotics has an effect similar to that of dietary supplementation endorsing its usage to potentially promote early colonization of beneficial bacteria to stimulate intestinal and immune system development.

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Microbial Imprinting in Gut Development and Health

Cited by 38 publications

References 138 publications

Antimicrobials, Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Chickens

Antimicrobials, Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Chickens

Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiome Changes During Ontogenesis

In ovo and Dietary Supplementation of Probiotics Affects Post-Hatch Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Broiler Chicks

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