Microbial indicator removal in onsite constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the southeastern U.S.

Barrett, E.C.; Sobsey, Mark D.; House, C. H.; White, Kevin D.

doi:10.2166/wst.2001.0826

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…[3][4][5][6] Wetlands can efficiently remove nutrients and enteric microorganisms but they are not suited to a subarctic climate with a harsh winter with ice and snow cover on the soil for several months. In addition, their reduction rates of enteric microorganisms tend to be retarded if the temperature is low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of phosphorus, nitrogen and microorganisms in pilot scale sand filter beds containing biotite, treating primary wastewater

Matikka

Heinonen‐Tanski

2015

Environmental Technology

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In sparsely populated areas, sand filter beds play an important role in wastewater treatment. As the need to improve the removal of nutrients increases, reactive filter materials represent one potential way to improve the reliability of current systems. We tested a pilot-scale multi-layer biotite filter for its ability to remove phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matter and enteric microorganisms with the importance of each layer in a multi-layer biotite filter being examined. In the experimental setup, the filters were fed with a raw wastewater influent mimicking the usual daily rhythm of water consumption and the reduction effects of the variable loads were examined during the experiment time of 54 weeks. It was observed that the reduction efficiency of the phosphorus was good (87%) during normal and under loading sequences but the reduction achieved for nitrogen was poor (27%). During and after overloading sequences, the phosphorus reduction was poor (46.5%) whereas the nitrogen reduction improved (to 66.7%). The reduction of organic matter was good during all sequences. The reductions of enteric microorganisms were at a level of 2-3 log10 units already after a single sand layer. For Escherichia coli, reductions of more than 5 log10 units were found after the wastewater had passed through a multilayer biotite filter during all sequences. It is concluded that the inclusion of a biotite layer improves the reliability of the filter bed. However, the proper scaling of the unit is essential in order to guarantee that the filter remains in aerobic conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of phosphorus, nitrogen and microorganisms in pilot scale sand filter beds containing biotite, treating primary wastewater

Matikka

Heinonen‐Tanski

2015

Environmental Technology

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“…Routine monitoring of water and produce for NV would help improve the safety of fresh produce (3,4,7,16). However, methods for routine detection of NV in the environment are currently not available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Survival of F-Specific RNA Coliphage, Feline Calicivirus, andEscherichia coliin Water: a Comparative Study

Allwood

Malik

Hedberg

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The relationship between the survival of enteric viral pathogens and their indicators (coliform bacteria and coliphages) is not well understood. We compared the survival rates of feline calicivirus (FCV), Escherichia coli, and a male-specific RNA coliphage MS2 at 4, 25, and 37°C for up to 28 days in dechlorinated water. The survival rates of E. coli and FCV, a surrogate of noroviruses (NV), had a high degree of correlation at 4 and 25°C, while MS2 phage survived significantly longer (P < 0.05) at these two temperatures. At 37°C, the survival rates for all three organisms were highly correlated. Decimal reduction values indicating the number of days needed for 90% reduction in titer (D values) decreased for all three organisms as storage temperatures increased. FCV had the shortest D value among all three organisms at all temperatures investigated. These findings indicate that F-specific RNA phages may be useful indicators of NV in the environment.

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“…They recommend that animal carcasses, including birds and fish, during an outbreak, be burned rather than buried to mitigate the cycle. Other researchers have demonstrated that wetlands with emergent vegetation could result in 1.6 to 2.9 log 10 reductions in C. perfringens spores from treated sewage (Barrett et al 2001). Perhaps in areas of concern, best management practices (BMPs) could be constructed to retard hydraulic mobilization of botulinum type as the raw water storage area; however, no spores were detected after coagulation, nor were they found after final rapid or slow sand filters (Notermans et al 1980).…”

Section: Several Researchers Have Applied Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed issues associated with Clostridium botulinum: A literature review

Long

Tauscher

2006

Journal of Water and Health

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Botulism the disease, the related organism (Clostridium botulinum) and toxin have gained renewed attention in these times of heightened homeland security and bioterrorism preparedness. Since C. botulinum is ubiquitous in nature, botulism outbreaks resulting from environmental exposure can be of concern to watershed managers and drinking water utilities. This paper reviews aspects of naturally occurring C. botulinum in light of concerns for source water watersheds. Information regarding sources and occurrence of botulism, C. botulinum and botulism toxins are discussed. Ecology and physiology of environmental C. botulinum and cycles of disease are reviewed. Finally, the effectiveness of water treatment and disinfection measures is discussed.

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Microbial indicator removal in onsite constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the southeastern U.S.

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Reduction of phosphorus, nitrogen and microorganisms in pilot scale sand filter beds containing biotite, treating primary wastewater

Reduction of phosphorus, nitrogen and microorganisms in pilot scale sand filter beds containing biotite, treating primary wastewater

Survival of F-Specific RNA Coliphage, Feline Calicivirus, andEscherichia coliin Water: a Comparative Study

Watershed issues associated with Clostridium botulinum: A literature review

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