Microbial Inhibition of Fusarium Pathogens and Biological Modification of Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains

Wachowska, Urszula; Packa, D.; Wiwart, Marian

doi:10.3390/toxins9120408

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 82 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other bacteria such as species of Pseudomonas , Arthrobacter , Blastobacter , and those from the family Rhizobiaceae, have also been employed in the elimination of T-2 toxin with 100% efficiency recorded. However, Wachowska et al [39] reported that degradation products such as Neosolaniol (NEO), T-2 tetraol, and T-2 Triol were produced. These T-2 degradation products and residual parent toxins are capable of inducing apoptosis [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay

Olopade

Oranusi

Nwinyi

et al. 2019

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Montmorillonite clay has a wide range of applications, one of which includes the binding of mycotoxins in foods and feeds through adsorption. T-2 toxin, produced by some Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys species, causes dystrophy in the brain, heart, and kidney. Various formulations that include lemongrass essential oil-modified montmorillonite clay (LGEO-MMT), lemongrass powder (LGP), montmorillonite clay washed with 1 mM NaCl (Na-MMT), montmorillonite clay (MMT), and lemongrass powder mixed with montmorillonite clay (LGP-MMT) were applied to maize at concentrations of 8% and 12% and stored for a period of one month at 30 °C. Unmodified montmorillonite clay and LGP served as the negative controls alongside untreated maize. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the various treatments showed the major functional groups as Si-O and -OH. All treatment formulations were effective in the decontamination of T-2 toxin in maize. Accordingly, it was revealed that the inclusion of Na-MMT in maize at a concentration of 8% was most effective in decontaminating T-2 toxin by 66% in maize followed by LGP-MMT at 12% inclusion level recording a 56% decontamination of T-2 toxin in maize (p = 0.05). Montmorillonite clay can be effectively modified with plant extracts for the decontamination of T-2 toxin.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay

Olopade

Oranusi

Nwinyi

et al. 2019

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although several bacteria communities are capable of metabolizing T-2 (Dohnal et al 2008 ; Wachowska et al 2017 ) and can be abundant in the T. molitor microbiome (Garofalo et al 2019 ), their potential to metabolize all incidental toxins is unknown. Excretion of mycotoxins appears to occur through the larval faeces (Niermans et al 2019 ; Ochoa Sanabria et al 2019 ; Van Broekhoven et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin during experimental feeding of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Within the European Union (EU), edible insects need to be approved as “Novel Food” according to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and must comply with the requirements of European food law with regard to microbiological and chemical food safety. Substrates used for feeding insects are susceptible to the growth of Fusarium spp. and consequently to contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the influence of T-2 and HT-2 toxins on the larval life cycle of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor (L.)) and to study the transfer of T-2, HT-2, T-2 triol and T-2 tetraol in the larvae. In a 4-week feeding study, T. molitor larvae were kept either on naturally (oat flakes moulded with Fusarium sporotrichioides) or artificially contaminated oat flakes, each at two levels (approximately 100 and 250 μg/kg total T-2 and HT-2). Weight gain and survival rates were monitored, and mycotoxins in the feeding substrates, larvae and residues were determined using LC-MS/MS. Larval development varied between the diets and was 44% higher for larvae fed artificially contaminated diets. However, the artificially contaminated diets had a 16% lower survival rate. No trichothecenes were detected in the surviving larvae after harvest, but T-2 and HT-2 were found both in the dead larvae and in the residues of naturally and artificially contaminated diets.

show abstract

“…In addition, a finer crushing of the maize straw allows quick colonization by soil-borne fungi and bacteria. Diverse interactions with these soil microorganisms regulate the growth of Fusarium fungi through direct, indirect, and mixed-path mechanisms (Wachowska et al 2017). Whereas in the literature, mainly antagonistic effects of the soil microbiome against Fusarium species are described (Wachowska et al 2017), the present results indicate a species-specific increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Lumbricus terrestris regulating the ecosystem service/disservice balance in maize (Zea mays) cultivation

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and aim Plant pathogenic and mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species are globally widespread and lead to large annual yield losses in maize production (ecosystem disservice). Systems with reduced tillage and mulching are particularly under threat. In the present study, the bioregulatory performance (ecosystem service) of the common earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris was analysed regarding the suppression of three economically relevant Fusarium species, and the reduction of their mycotoxins in the maize mulch layer, taking into account the size of maize residues. Methods A mesocosm field experiment was conducted in a reduced tillage long-term field trial on loam soil. Artificially Fusarium-infected maize residues of two size classes were used as a mulch layer. Impacts of the earthworm species on DNA amounts of Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. verticillioides and concentrations of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), and zearalenone (ZEN) were analysed. Results The results reflect that Fusarium regulation by L. terrestris was species-specific and covered the whole spectrum from suppression (F. graminearum) to slight promotion (F. verticillioides). Regarding the mycotoxins, a significant acceleration of the degradation of all three toxins was detected. Fine chopping of the chaff (< 2 cm) did not significantly alter the earthworms’ regulatory capacity. Conclusion While L. terrestris can shift the ecosystem service/disservice balance in both directions with respect to Fusarium regulation, it shifts it towards ecosystem services with respect to mycotoxin degradation. In synergy with adapted agricultural management, this natural bottom-up effect can help to keep soils healthy for sustainable production in the long run.

show abstract

Microbial Inhibition of Fusarium Pathogens and Biological Modification of Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains

Cited by 33 publications

References 82 publications

Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay

Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay

Distribution of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin during experimental feeding of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

Lumbricus terrestris regulating the ecosystem service/disservice balance in maize (Zea mays) cultivation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About