Microbial Interactions in Lake Food Webs

Porter, Karen G.; Paerl, Hans W.; Hodson, Robert E.; Pace, ML; Priscu, John C.; Riemann, Bo; Scavia, Donald; Stockner, John G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3838-6_13

Cited by 101 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such a phenomenon allows a trophic connection between large (mesozooplankton or ciliates) and small particles, e.g. bacteria and flagellates, and suggests new feedback mechanisms in the cycling of organic matter similar to those described in freshwater (Porter et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The first, 'the cluster hypothesis', suggested a theoreti-cal scenario for bacterial growth in a very dilute environment (the ocean) as well as a possible route for transport of bacterial particles to higher trophic levels (Azam & Ammerman 1984, Porter et al 1988). The cluster hypothesis was further discussed by Mitchell et al (1985), who suggested that clustering was most important in thermocline regions, where reduced turbulence and sinking rates of particles provided the necessary conditions for such microscale interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon budgets of the microbial food web in estuarine enclosures

Riemann¹,

Sørensen²,

Bjørnsen³

et al. 1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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During 9 to 25 June 1987, carbon budgets were established for estuarine enclosures manipulated by additions of nutrients and suspension-feeding bivalves An intensive sampling program and a detailed examination of autotrophic and heterotrophic nlicroorganlsms enabled construction of carbon budgets of the microbial food web and comparison of flow rates through a number of microbial components. Phytoplankton biomass and production covaried, and, as expected, lowest values were recorded in enclosures with added mussels, and highest values in enclosures with added nutrients. Bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates peaked a few days after maxima in phytoplankton biomass and production. In enclosures with added mussels, biomasses were lower for bacteria and microzooplankton, and mesozooplankton, but slightly higher for heterotrophic nanoflagellates. Bacteria, flagellates, and microzooplankton, mostly ciliates, dominated heterotrophic processes, whereas larger mesozooplankton ingestion did not exceed 5 % of phytoplankton primary production. Microzooplankton and flagellate clearances were higher in enclosures with added nutrients, whereas no such changes were found in the macrozooplankton, probably because the duration of the experiments did not allow full development of the macrozooplankton. The added mussels dominated heterotrophic consumption and controlled organisms > 20 Fm. Exclusion of mussels induced a primary dominance of microzooplankton followed by a subsequent increase of mesozooplankton. Additions of nutrients and filtration by suspension-feeding bivalves caused qualitative and quantitative changes at all levels in the microbial food web. These changes were measured from a large number of microbial components and allowed balances of the carbon budgets to be made as well as identification of factors controlling the structure and function of the pelagic carbon cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon budgets of the microbial food web in estuarine enclosures

Riemann¹,

Sørensen²,

Bjørnsen³

et al. 1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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show abstract

“…the increasing dominance of heterotrophic and small organisms (heterotrophic and autotrophic picoplankton) and the microbial loop (Azam et al 1983) in oligotrophic systems (high BOC/PhytoC). In eutrophic systems, in contrast, the grazer food chain is more important (low BOC/PhytoC) as the autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton becomes less important with increasing trophic state (Porter et al 1988). Mesotrophic ecosystems with large seasonal variations such as Lake Constance cover oligotrophic and eutrophic situations during the course of the seasons with a fairly variable foodweb structure (Weisse et al 1990, Geller et al 1991, Weisse 1991.…”

Section: Relationships Between Phytoplankton and Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of bacterial biomass in lakes and the ocean: comparison to phytoplankton biomass and biogeochemical implications

Simon¹,

Cho²,

Azam³

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

158

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We have synthesized the information on marine and lirnnetic bacterial biomass carbon (BOC) and phytoplankton biomass carbon (PhytoC) to examine the relationships between these major biotic carbon pools. On the basis of 6 limnetic and 6 marine studies we found a good similarity for the correlations of BOC vs PhytoC in both systems although the slope was substantially lower than for sim~lar correlations on the basis of bacterial abundance and chlorophyll a. Limnetic systems, however, differed from marine systems In that they supported more BOC relative to PhytoC, as indicated by signlficantly higher y-intercepts of the correlation (p < 0.001). Our dnalysis also generalizes findings from manne to limnetic environments that the food-web structure in oligotrophic systems is fundamentally different from eutrophic systems, e.g that BOC/PhytoC dramatically increases with decreasing PhytoC concentrations. This has impl~cat~ons for the significance of planktonic bacteria in particle abundance and size-dependent properties of lakes and oceans such as trace metal and radionuclide adsorption, biogeochernical dynamics and in light scattering and remote sensing.

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“…Current evidence indicates that the quantity and importance of bacterial carbon production that is eventually transferred to metazoans varies widely. In general, it has been suggested that the proportion of primary production that flows through the microbial loop, as opposed to direct utilization by metazoan grazers, is highest in oligotrophic and least in eutrophic environments (Bird and Kalff 1984;Porter et al 1988;Weisse 1991;Azam and Smith 1991). Lake Kinneret, Israel, has been identified as a lake where heterotrophic microorganisms may play an important role Sherr et al 1991;Stone et al 1993;Hadas and Berman 1998;Hadas et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal dynamics of the Lake Kinneret food web:The importance of the microbial loop

Hart

Stone

Berman

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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The role of bacteria and protozoa in the food web of Lake Kinneret was examined for 14 seasons over a 4-yr period (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)) using a mass-balanced carbon flux model and network analysis. These microorganisms supplied nearly half of the carbon requirements of metazoan zooplankton grazers during the late winter-spring Peridinium bloom, when the lake was in its most eutrophic phase. The level of primary productivity was not seen to have a significant effect on the relative amounts of carbon passing from bacteria and protozoa to higher trophic levels. Rather, this depended on the proportion of photosynthetically fixed carbon that originated from ''inedible'' netphytoplankton and the efficiency with which bacterial carbon was transferred to metazoans. The importance of the microbial loop as a carbon source to higher trophic levels in Lake Kinneret was a result of the often high levels of inedible net-phytoplankton (mostly Peridinium gatunense). The higher levels also occurred because bacterial production was transferred to metazoans in a relatively efficient one-or two-step process. These results indicate that even in eutrophic environments, bacteria and protozoa can supply significant amounts of carbon to metazoans.

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Microbial Interactions in Lake Food Webs

Cited by 101 publications

References 33 publications

Carbon budgets of the microbial food web in estuarine enclosures

Carbon budgets of the microbial food web in estuarine enclosures

Significance of bacterial biomass in lakes and the ocean: comparison to phytoplankton biomass and biogeochemical implications

Seasonal dynamics of the Lake Kinneret food web:The importance of the microbial loop

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