Microbial Interkingdom Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Dyck, Katrien Van; Pinto, Rita Maria; Pully, Durgasruthi; Dijck, Patrick Van

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020412

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 168 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…A biofilm is a sessile community of bacteria embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs). 2 A high antibiotic dose is required to conquer the biofilm tolerance, which poses a risk of adverse effect. Biofilms are involved in about 80% of microbial infections and cause more than 500,000 deaths each year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Biofilm Penetration of Cationic Liposomes Loaded with DNase I/Proteinase K to Eradicate Cutibacterium acnes for Treating Cutaneous and Catheter Infections

Fang¹,

Chou²,

Lin³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Background The biofilm produced by Cutibacterium acnes is a major infection threat for skin and implanted catheters. Nanoparticles provide a new approach to eradicate biofilms. The present study evaluated the capability of cationic liposomes loaded with DNase I (DNS) and proteinase K (PK) to remove preformed C. acnes biofilms. Methods DNS and PK were able to target and disassemble the biofilm by degrading extracellular polymer substances (EPS). Soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) was used to render a positive charge and enhance the antibacterial activity of the liposomes. Results The cationic liposomes containing enzymes yielded monodisperse nanovesicles ranging between 95 and 150 nm. The entrapment efficiency of the enzymes in the liposomes achieved a value of 67–83%. All liposomal formulations suppressed planktonic C. acnes growth at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to the free SME in the solution. The enzyme in the liposomal form inhibited biofilm growth much better than that in the free form, with the dual enzyme-loaded liposomes demonstrating the greatest inhibition of 54% based on a crystal violet assay. The biofilm-related virulence genes PA380 and PA1035 were downregulated by the combined enzymes in the liposomes but not the individual DNS or PK. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy displayed reduced C. acnes aggregates and biofilm thickness by the liposomal system. The liposomes could penetrate through about 85% of the biofilm thickness. The in vitro pig skin permeation also showed a facile delivery of liposomes into the epidermis, deeper skin strata, and hair follicles. The liposomes exhibited potent activity to eliminate C. acnes colonization in mouse skin and catheters in vivo. The colony-forming units (CFUs) in the catheter treated with the liposomes were reduced by 2 logs compared to the untreated control. Conclusion The data suggested a safe application of the enzyme-loaded cationic liposomes as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Biofilm Penetration of Cationic Liposomes Loaded with DNase I/Proteinase K to Eradicate Cutibacterium acnes for Treating Cutaneous and Catheter Infections

Fang¹,

Chou²,

Lin³

et al. 2021

IJN

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“…According to the National Institute of Health, biofilms cause more than 80% of microbial infections. 14,15 Pathogens, which are embedded in biofilms, are difficult to treat with antibiotics due to limits in drug penetration and increasing drug tolerance. 15,16 Column chromatography was performed at medium pressure using wet-packed Macherey-Nagel silica gel 60, pore size 40-63 μm with the eluent specified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of the fungal macrolide berkeleylactone A and its inhibition of microbial biofilm formation

et al. 2021

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“…More recently, the development of strategies to prevent biofilm development has emerged as an area of interest [ 41 , 42 ]. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymeric hydrophilic coating, is an example of an antimicrobial or antifouling surface that decreases microbial attachment [ 41 , 43 ].…”

Section: Biofilm Combating Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Biofilm Formation–Combating Strategies and Mechanisms of Action of Antibiofilm Agents

Asma

Imre

Morar

et al. 2022

Life

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Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental stresses and antimicrobial therapies. Biofilms can cause several chronic conditions, and effective treatment has become a challenge due to increased antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotics available for treating biofilm-associated infections are generally not very effective and require high doses that may cause toxicity in the host. Therefore, it is essential to study and develop efficient anti-biofilm strategies that can significantly reduce the rate of biofilm-associated healthcare problems. In this context, some effective combating strategies with potential anti-biofilm agents, including plant extracts, peptides, enzymes, lantibiotics, chelating agents, biosurfactants, polysaccharides, organic, inorganic, and metal nanoparticles, etc., have been reviewed to overcome biofilm-associated healthcare problems. From their extensive literature survey, it can be concluded that these molecules with considerable structural alterations might be applied to the treatment of biofilm-associated infections, by evaluating their significant delivery to the target site of the host. To design effective anti-biofilm molecules, it must be assured that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these anti-biofilm compounds can eradicate biofilm-associated infections without causing toxic effects at a significant rate.

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Microbial Interkingdom Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Cited by 24 publications

References 168 publications

Facile Biofilm Penetration of Cationic Liposomes Loaded with DNase I/Proteinase K to Eradicate Cutibacterium acnes for Treating Cutaneous and Catheter Infections

Facile Biofilm Penetration of Cationic Liposomes Loaded with DNase I/Proteinase K to Eradicate Cutibacterium acnes for Treating Cutaneous and Catheter Infections

Synthesis of the fungal macrolide berkeleylactone A and its inhibition of microbial biofilm formation

An Overview of Biofilm Formation–Combating Strategies and Mechanisms of Action of Antibiofilm Agents

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