Microbial processes influencing performance of treatment wetlands: A review

Treatment performance and microorganism community structure of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland plots for domestic wastewater

“…In the diagram, Gram + for Gram-positive bacteria abundance, Gram − for Gram-negative bacteria abundance, Anaerobic for anaerobic bacteria abundance; DHA for dehydrogenase, Ure for urease, Nitr for nitrate reductase, Pho for phosphatase pollutants in the constructed wetlands (Ahn et al 2007;Krasnits et al 2009). Microbial community structure has been proposed to be an important determinant of water quality improvement in the wetland systems (Calheiros et al 2009;Faulwetter et al 2009), and temperature (Smith et al 2010), hydrologic regime and pollutant treatments (Mentzer et al 2006;Steenwerth et al 2006), plant diversity and function group richness (Zhang et al 2010 and biotic succession (Kent et al 2007), could strongly influence the microbial community structure. In the present study, the effects of microbial community structure (four diagnostic fatty acid (FA) groups) and environmental parameters on pollutant removal efficiencies were also determined by RDA (Fig.…”

Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Optimization of wetland substrates and hydraulic loading

“…Compared to conventional wastewater treatment technologies, CWs have economical and eco-friendly advantages due to their low-cost, easy operation and low maintenance (Puigagut et al, 2008;Faulwetter et al, 2009). Constructed wetland systems have already been used in the treatment of a wide range of wastewaters originated from domestic (Bahgat et al, 1999;Decamp and Warren, 2001;Keffala and Ghrabi, 2005;Nurk et al, 2005;Reyes-Contreras et al, 2012;Adrados et al, 2014;Younger and Henderson, 2014), industrial (Calheiros et al, 2007;Tao et al, 2007;Younger and Henderson, 2014), and agricultural sources (Nguyen, 2000;Tanner et al, 2002;Yeh et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2013a), as well as landfill leachate (Kozub and Liehr, 1999;Sundberg et al, 2007).…”

Appropriate technology for domestic wastewater management in under-resourced regions of the world

“…Macrophytes have been reported to play a key role in the performance of freshwater CW, facilitating the nitrification/denitrification process, maintaining the hydraulic conductivity of the substrate, increasing microbial assemblages in the root zone, and participating in nutrient uptake (Brix 1994;Haberl et al 1995). Like the rhizomes of macrophytes, the roots of salt marsh Salicornia sp., possess aerenchyma which allow exchange of gases between the shoot and the root and indirectly aerate the surrounding soil zone potentially resulting in increased nitrification/denitrification efficiency (Brix 1994;Haberl et al 1995;Faulwetter et al 2009). Consequently, the effectiveness of constructed wetlands (CW) planted with a halophytic, saltmarsh plant, Salicornia europaea, for the treatment of effluent generated from a commercially operating marine fish and shrimp recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) was evaluated over 88 days (Webb et al 2012).…”