Microbial production of vitamin B12: a review and future perspectives

Fang, Huan; Kang, Jie; Zhang, Dawei

doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0631-y

Cited by 320 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…anaerobic or O 2 -independent) or the late-cobalt-insertion (a.k.a. aerobic or O 2 -dependent) pathways [reviewed in 12 , 57 ]. Notably, this type of zinc finger-like protein is found only in Cba producers that do not encode the bona fide L-Thr kinase PduX enzyme.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Methanosarcina mazei MM2060 Gene Encodes a Bifunctional Kinase/Decarboxylase Enzyme Involved in Cobamide Biosynthesis

2018

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Cobamides (Cbas) are synthesized by many archaea, but some aspects of Cba biosynthesis in these microorganisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate here that the ORF MM2060 in the archaeum Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 encodes a bifunctional enzyme with L-threonine-O-3-phosphate (L-Thr-P) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.81) and L-Thr kinase activities (EC 2.7.1.177). In Salmonella enterica, where Cba biosynthesis has been extensively studied, the above-mentioned activities are encoded by separate genes, namely, cobD and pduX, respectively. The activities associated with the MM2060 protein (MmCobD) were validated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, MmCobD used ATP and L-Thr as substrates and generated ADP, L-Thr-P, and (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol O-phosphate as products. Notably, MmCobD has a 111–amino acid C-terminal extension of unknown function, which contains a putative metal-binding motif. This C-terminal domain alone did not display either activity in vivo or in vitro. Although the C-terminal MmCobD domain was not required for L-Thr-P decarboxylase or L-Thr kinase activities in vivo, its absence negatively affected both activities. In vitro results suggested that this domain may have a regulatory or substrate-gating role. When purified under anoxic conditions, MmCobD displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and had 1000-fold higher affinity for ATP and 1300-fold higher catalytic efficiency than MmCobD purified under oxic conditions. To our knowledge, MmCobD is the first example of a new class of L-Thr-P decarboxylases that also have L-Thr kinase activity. An archaeal protein with L-Thr kinase activity had not been identified prior to this work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Methanosarcina mazei MM2060 Gene Encodes a Bifunctional Kinase/Decarboxylase Enzyme Involved in Cobamide Biosynthesis

2018

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“…Firstly, Bacillus spp. produced a wide range of vitamins (K and B12) (Fang, Kang, & Zhang, ) and extracellular enzymes (protease, lipase, etc.) (Sangeetha, Geetha, & Arulpandi, ) in which these bacterial enzymes often tolerate a wide range of pH levels (Ochoa‐Solano & Olmos‐Soto, ; Soltani et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of water additive Bacillus cereus and Pediococcus acidilactici on water quality, growth performances, economic benefits, immunohematology and bacterial flora of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) reared in earthen ponds

et al. 2020

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This study was aimed to investigate the effects of two probiotics, Bacillus cereus and Pediococcus acidilactici, on the water quality, growth performance, the survival ratio, economic benefits, immunohematology and bacterial flora in the intestine of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei after 110 days. Nine earthen ponds (each one 1.2 hectare) were adjusted as three treatments including control (without adding bacteria), containing P. acidilactici probiotic (106 CFU/mL) and containing B. cereus probiotic (106 CFU/mL). The results showed that the adding B. cereus and P. acidilactici to the water pond positively decreased nitrate, ammonia and biochemical oxygen demand when compared with the control group (p < .05). Regarding growth performance, treating shrimp with B. cereus caused significantly higher weight gain (16.72 g) and survival ratio (94.50%) in comparison with control group (p < .05). Using these probiotics could increase shrimp production (27.30%, 18.42%) and net income (92.94%, 49.20%) as well. Respect to immunity, total hemocyte count (9.00), total protein (8.92 g/dl) and lysozyme activity (21.55 U/ml) in treated whiteleg shrimp with B. cereus were significantly higher than those untreated (p < .05). In conclusion, adding B. cereus (106 CFU/ml) to the earthen pond can be suggested in shrimp farm.

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“…[1] This development has led to the introduction of new biological functions into organisms such as the capability to produce highly complex organic molecules, like pharmaceuticals, food additives, and fuels. [2][3][4] Beyond this production capability, genetically modified microorganisms have proven to be valuable tools in diagnostics. In this context, very powerful sensor systems have been created by exploiting naturally evolved sensing and adaptation systems in microorganisms such as specialized promotors or highly adapted enzymatic pathways targeting antibiotics, heavy metals, or toxic compounds such as phenol or toluene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Production of a Shelf‐Stable Living Material as a Biosensor Platform

Schulz‐Schönhagen

Lobsiger

Stark

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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analyze biomarkers in human diseases, such as nitrogen oxides involved in inflammation response. [11] This organismbased type of sensor systems is referred to as whole-cell biosensors, since the sensing functionality and signal transduction require intact, living cells. The basic working principle of a whole-cell biosensor relies on an input, which activates a certain pathway in the cell leading to an output signal such as color, fluorescence, or luminescence that can be measured by the user. [12,13] Cells genetically engineered to recognize a specific target can be produced at low cost compared to other biological diagnostic systems such as enzyme-or antibody-based assays. Nevertheless, the readout of whole-cell biosensors and the quantification of the measured signal require high-priced laboratory equipment such as fluorometers, spectrophotometers, or luminometers and trained personnel to operate these devices.An alternative approach for the quantification of whole-cell biosensors systems has been presented by Mora et al. by embedding genetically modified Escherichia coli cells into an agarose hydrogel. [14] The concentration of different sugars in solution, which were applied to the surface of the hydrogel, was quantified by the direct correlation between the diffusion in the material and the fluorescence induction by the same sugars in the E. coli cells. This living material-based analytical sensor showed quantification precision comparable to those of HPLC-MS and a fluorometric lactose/galactose enzymatic assay. As a drawback, the system requires a cold chain to maintain the viability of the embedded organisms, resulting in limited shelf life of the sensor. Additionally, the material was produced in a batch process and had, due to the fragile nature of the agarose gel, limited mechanical stability. Both factors limit the production to a laboratory scale and the use to a controlled environment, where continuous cooling and short periods of time between production and application are ensured. These restrictions forbid the application of the sensors in areas where an undeveloped infrastructure would compromise the functionality of the material.To facilitate the use of whole-cell biosensors in the field, a platform is required that is versatile in its application. Additionally, it has to be cheap in production, robust toward storage and changing environmental conditions, and can be The advancements made in biological engineering have led to the development of whole-cell biosensors and their successful application in diagnostics. However, due to the sensitivity of the systems, as well as the need for advanced readout devices, the use of such sensors is limited to a laboratory environment. Here, a biosensor platform for the diffusion-based quantification of a small molecule analyte is presented. The platform consists of Bacillus subtilis endospores carrying a genetic reporter construct. The spores are embedded in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix casted to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) support material. It is shown th...

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Microbial production of vitamin B12: a review and future perspectives

Cited by 320 publications

References 105 publications

The Methanosarcina mazei MM2060 Gene Encodes a Bifunctional Kinase/Decarboxylase Enzyme Involved in Cobamide Biosynthesis

The Methanosarcina mazei MM2060 Gene Encodes a Bifunctional Kinase/Decarboxylase Enzyme Involved in Cobamide Biosynthesis

The effects of water additive Bacillus cereus and Pediococcus acidilactici on water quality, growth performances, economic benefits, immunohematology and bacterial flora of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) reared in earthen ponds

Continuous Production of a Shelf‐Stable Living Material as a Biosensor Platform

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