Microbial protein supply from the rumen

Dewhurst, R.J.; Davies, David R.; Merry, R. J.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00139-5

Cited by 202 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…They found that when sheep were fed a Lucerne hay diet supplemented with sucrose, a decrease in ruminal ammonia concentration occurred compared to hay alone, accompanied by an increase in nitrogen retention and a decrease in plasma urea and urinary nitrogen excretion. This supports the hypothesis that increasing the readily available energy supply to the rumen increases synchrony between nitrogen and energy supply to the rumen micro-organisms [4,9]. This may lead to more efficient utilisation of the ammonia by rumen microbes and/or a decrease in the production of ammonia by reducing the need to ferment glucogenic amino acids to provide energy for microbial protein synthesis [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

In vitro investigation into the nutritive value of Lolium perenne bred for an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate and the added effect of sample processing: freeze-dried and ground vs. frozen and thawed

et al. 2002

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-A novel Lolium perenne variety bred for an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) Ba11353 (high WSC; HWSC), which when grazed exhibited higher liveweight gains in lambs compared with a control (AberElan), was analysed in vitro to determine its relative nutritive value. The effect of sample preparation was also investigated: frozen and thawed (FT) vs. freeze-dried and ground (FDG). The nutritive value of the grasses was determined by in vitro measurements of gas production, which allowed assessment of both the rate and extent of fermentation of the grasses. Five FT and FDG samples of the two grasses (HWSC and control; n = 20) were suspended in an anaerobic medium, inoculated with rumen digesta and incubated at 39 o C for 120 h, with readings of gas pressure and volume made at regular intervals. At the end of the experimental period samples of liquid phase were taken to determine ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. The WSC concentration of the HWSC was greater than the control (P = 0.03) whereas fibre concentrations were higher in the control (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01 for acid and neutral detergent fibres, respectively). The gas produced from the HWSC forages (both FT and FDG) had lower half-lives (the time at which half the total gas pool was produced), lag-times (P < 0.001) and a greater predicted asymptote gas yield (P = 0.003) when compared to the corresponding control forage. For both grass varieties, the FDG treatment significantly reduced gas production half-life and lag-time and increased the gas yield and degradability compared to the FT treatment. Liquid phase ammonia-N concentrations were lower with HWSC (P = 0.04) compared to control. The FDG treatment of the grass led to a further reduction in ammonia-N concentration compared to the FT samples (P < 0.001). Total VFA production was greater (P < 0.001) for both HWSC treatments compared to the control, but no significant differences were noted between FT and FDG treatments. The glucogenic/lipogenic acid ratios (propionate/(acetate + butyrate)) were greater with HWSC (P < 0.001). The FDG treatment further increased this ratio compared to the FT treatment (P = 0.002). This study helped to determine the nutritive value of high WSC grass through an evaluation of its fermentation properties when incubated in vitro with inoculated anaerobic media; it also provided evidence of how preparation of the samples can influence the results.water soluble carbohydrate / gas production / nutritive value / grass / fermentation rate Résumé -Détermination in vitro de la valeur nutritive de Lolium perenne sélectionnée pour sa concentration élevée en glucides hydrosolubles et effet de la préparation de l'échantillon: lyophilisé et broyé vs. congelé et décongelé. Une nouvelle variété de Lolium perenne, sélectionnée pour sa concentration élevée en glucides hydrosolubles (Ba11353, HWSC) et qui permet des gains de poids vifs plus importants chez les agneaux lorsqu'elle est comparée à un témoin (AberElan), a été étudiée in vit...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

In vitro investigation into the nutritive value of Lolium perenne bred for an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate and the added effect of sample processing: freeze-dried and ground vs. frozen and thawed

et al. 2002

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“…One probable explanation for the lack of effect in microbial protein production among the levels of concentrate supplementation could be the absence of effect of supplementation on the voluntary intake of food, and the type of concentrate used, rich in starch, that would have caused a decrease of the ruminal pH, increasing the energy losses of the microorganisms and as a consequence decreasing the de novo synthesis of amino acids (Russel and Wallace 1997). Bach et al (2005) reported that the optimum yield of microbial growth that would maximize the use of ruminal N would be of 29.0 g of MN kg -1 of rumen degradable organic matter (RDOM), a value that is close to the one obtained in this study (32.0 g of MN kg -1 of MOI, table 5) and it is within the ideal interval reported by Dewhurst (2000), in cows that graze high quality pastures.…”

Section: Urinesupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of increasing pasture allowance and concentrate supplementation on animal performance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows

et al. 2013

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“…Since the protein intake was the same, the improved utilisation of dietary N from faba bean and pea diets was probably due to the content of highly degradable NFC of these legume grains, favouring the balance between dietary energy and N in the synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen (Dewhurst et al 2000).…”

Section: Milk Yield and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume grain-based supplements in dairy sheep diet: effects on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile

et al. 2016

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Abstract. With the aim to find protein sources that are free of genetically modified organisms, the effects of legume grainbased concentrates, used as alternatives of a mixed concentrate feed containing soybean, were evaluated on sheep milk production. Twelve lactating ewes were divided into four groups, fed hay and, according to a 4 · 4 Latin square design, supplied with 800 g/day of a commercial mixed concentrate feed (MCF) containing maize and soybean, or the same amount of isoprotein concentrates consisting of chickpea (CH), faba bean (FB), or pea (PE) mixed with barley. The ewes ingested more of the concentrates with legume grains than the MCF (702, 702, 678 vs 587 g/day DM for CH, FB, PE and MCF; P 0.001). Compared with CH, FB and PE resulted in greater (P 0.05) milk yield (710, 718 vs 654 g/day for FB, PE and CH, respectively), and led to a greater (P 0.05) efficiency of dietary protein utilisation for milk casein synthesis (94, 97 vs 87 g casein/kg crude protein intake for FB, PE and CH, respectively), whereas MCF resulted in intermediate levels of milk yield (677 g/day) and milk casein/crude protein intake (88 g/kg). Chickpea increased the milk content of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids in comparison with FB and PE and, similarly to MCF, increased the milk content of linoleic acid, as well as total unsaturated fatty acids (24.3, 23.9 vs 17.2, 16.8 g/100 g fatty acid methyl esters for MCF, CH, FB and PE; P 0.001), thereby improving the potential health-promoting index. Legume grains can replace soybean in diets of dairy ewes, as they do not adversely affect milk yield and composition.

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Microbial protein supply from the rumen

Cited by 202 publications

References 128 publications

In vitro investigation into the nutritive value of Lolium perenne bred for an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate and the added effect of sample processing: freeze-dried and ground vs. frozen and thawed

In vitro investigation into the nutritive value of Lolium perenne bred for an elevated concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate and the added effect of sample processing: freeze-dried and ground vs. frozen and thawed

Effect of increasing pasture allowance and concentrate supplementation on animal performance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows

Legume grain-based supplements in dairy sheep diet: effects on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile

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