Microbial response to salt marsh restoration

Lynum, Christopher A.

doi:10.17760/d20289461

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In the 1990s, the Norwegian company Kvaerner patented a plasma torch for the production of carbon black through pyrolysis of natural gas and higher hydrocarbons [30][31][32][33]. In this process, natural gas is fed to a plasma torch which is operated with recirculated hydrogen and electric power.…”

Section: Plasma Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas

et al. 2020

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Fossil fuels have to be substituted by climate neutral fuels to contribute to CO 2 reduction in the future energy system. Pyrolysis of natural gas is a well-known technical process applied for production of, e. g., carbon black. In the future it might contribute to carbon dioxide-free hydrogen production. Production of hydrogen from natural gas pyrolysis has thus gained interest in research and energy technology in the near past. If the carbon by-product of this process can be used for material production or can be sequestrated, the produced hydrogen has a low carbon footprint. This article reviews literature on the state of the art of methane / natural gas pyrolysis process developments and attempts to assess the technology readiness level (TRL).

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Section: Plasma Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas

et al. 2020

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“…7 In France, Fulcheri 8 performed calculations on methane pyrolysis in a plasma and conducted experiments whose main objective was that of carbon black manufacturing. 9 Both the Kvaerner and French work use graphite electrodes, operating at near-atmospheric pressure. These experiments indicate high-energy consumption requirements.…”

Section: Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Reforming of Methane

Bromberg¹,

Dr²,

Rabinovich³

et al. 1998

Energy Fuels

119

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Thermal plasma technology can be used in the production of hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases from a variety of fuels. This paper describes experiments and calculations of high-temperature conversion of methane using homogeneous and heterogeneous processes. The thermal plasma is a highly energetic state of matter that is characterized by extremely high temperatures (several thousand degrees Celsius) and high degree of ionization. The high temperatures accelerate the reactions involved in the reforming process. Plasma reformers can be operated with a broad range of fuels, are very compact and are very light (because of high power density), have fast response time (fraction of a second), can be manufactured with minimal cost (they use simple metallic or carbon electrodes and simple power supplies), and have high conversion efficiencies. Hydrogen-rich gas (50−75% H2, with 25−50% CO for steam reforming) can be efficiently made in compact plasma reformers. Experiments have been carried out in a small device (2−3 kW) and without the use of efficient heat regeneration. For partial oxidation it was determined that the specific energy consumption in the plasma reforming processes is 40 MJ/kg H2 (without the energy consumption reduction that can be obtained from heat regeneration from an efficient heat exchanger). Larger plasmatrons, better reactor thermal insulation, efficient heat regeneration, and improved plasma catalysis could also play a major role in specific energy consumption reduction. With an appropriate heat exchanger to provide a high degree of heat regeneration, the projected specific energy consumption is expected to be ∼15−20 MJ/kg H2. In addition, a system has been demonstrated for hydrogen production with low CO content (∼2%) with power densities of ∼10 kW (H2 HHV)/L of reactor, or ∼4 m3/h H2 per liter of reactor. Power density should increase further with power and improved design.

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Microbial response to salt marsh restoration

Cited by 2 publications

References 86 publications

State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas

State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas

Plasma Reforming of Methane

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