Microbial source tracking to identify fecal sources contaminating the Toronto Harbour and Don River watershed in wet and dry weather

Edge, Thomas A.; Boyd, Rachel; Shum, Phoenix; Thomas, Joseph P.

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2020.09.002

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is likely due to geographic variance in the goose populations since these targets were created by sequencing goose feces in Saskatchewan Canada. The validation of ND2 as a marker for Canada Geese in Michigan agreed with another study conducted in the Great Lakes region (Edge et al, 2021). Prior to the validation of ND2 in this study, there was no host-speci c marker for Canada Geese that had been validated for use in Michigan, which created a signi cant gap for identifying the source of fecal contamination.…”

Section: Microbial Source Trackingsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Application of a Universal Assay for Identifying the Source of Fecal Contamination in Southeast Michigan Water Bodies

Jamison

Hart

Szlag

2023

Preprint

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Recreational water quality monitoring (RWQM) is an important tool to aid public health officials in preventing exposure to waterborne pathogens originating from fecal contamination. RWQM methods rely on fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) such as E. coli or enterococci. Unfortunately, E. coli and other FIB are not strict anaerobes and can naturalize and reproduce in the environment. These naturalized populations can be resuspended due to wave action or other disturbances, sometimes giving a false positive for fecal contamination using RWQM methods. This project implemented a universal marker or a non-host specific MST target to determine whether it could differentiate between recent fecal contamination and resuspended populations of bacteria. Five public beaches in southeast Michigan were monitored for FIB and MST. The non-host specific marker in addition to the FIB was successfully applied to determine whether elevated E. coli levels were caused by recent fecal contamination or resuspension.

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Section: Microbial Source Trackingsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Application of a Universal Assay for Identifying the Source of Fecal Contamination in Southeast Michigan Water Bodies

Jamison

Hart

Szlag

2023

Preprint

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“…Rainfall would thus constitute one of the main vectors for the dissemination of helminth eggs or larvae (Manz et al 2017; Di Biase & Hanssen 2021). These contaminations could also be due to industries, especially agri-food industries, if their effluents are not properly treated, or to wildlife, especially poultry (Yahya et al 2017; Edge et al 2021). Indeed, the lack of a solid and liquid waste collection and treatment system in the city of Kribi is conducive to the deposition of sediment, which would promote the development of microorganisms that would be evacuated to the beaches during rainy episodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tides on the dissemination and related health risks of intestinal helminths along the Kribi beaches (Atlantic Coast, Southern Cameroon)

Nana,

Tchakonté,

Pahane Mbiada

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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Kribi is a seaside town that welcomes thousands of tourists each year. However, the poor sanitation condition of its beaches along the Atlantic coast is not without risk for visitors. In this study, we used the formol-ether concentration technique to identify and quantify larvae or eggs of intestinal helminths in waters of three regularly visited Kribi beaches (Mpalla, Ngoyè, and Mboamanga). Results revealed that all identified larvae and eggs were cestodes (Hymenolepis nana) and nematodes (Strongyloides sp., Ascaris sp., Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura). All the helminth eggs and larvae showed high abundance at low tide during rainy seasons. Ancylostoma duodenale eggs, totally absent at Mpalla, were densely present at low tide at Ngoyè (301 ± 15 eggs/L). Trichuris trichiura eggs showed the lowest abundance (0 to 62 eggs/L) at all sites. Abiotic variables indicated that waters at the various beaches were basic (pH: 8.75–9.77), generally warmer (32.44°C at Mpalla in the Short Rainy Season), more oxygenated at low tide, and moderately mineralized at high tide. Positive and significant correlations were observed at Ngoyè at low tide between Strongyloides sp. larvae and dissolved oxygen (P ˂ 0.05); and between Ancylostoma duodenale eggs and temperature (P ˂ 0.05). The overall results indicated that the beaches studied are subjected to fecal pollution. This pollution is more accentuated during low tides than during high tides. Depending on tidal movements, swimmers risk exposure to helminth eggs and larvae known to be responsible for gastroenteritis.

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“…Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) is an evolving tool for simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple specific molecular targets on multiple samples (e.g., microfluidic, nanofluidic plates) (Friedrich et al, 2016; Morrison et al, 2006; Shahraki, Heath, et al, 2019). In the context of environmental studies, qPCR has become a leading method for microbial source tracking (MST) of pathogenic contamination (e.g., Bacteroides ) in multiple environments and media (e.g., ground water, wastewater, rivers, lakes, oceans) from multiple species (e.g., human, avian, bovine) (Edge et al, 2021; Li et al, 2021; Phelan et al, 2019). In fact, human health investigations related to human–water interactions of various sources, such as wastewater (e.g., Jäger et al, 2018; Tiwari et al, 2022), stormwater (e.g., Staley et al, 2018), groundwater (e.g., Mattioli et al, 2021; Soumastre et al, 2022), drinking water sources (e.g., Åström et al, 2015) and recreational water use (e.g., Rytkönen et al, 2021; Sinigalliano et al, 2021), are often processed using PCR tracking methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe–sediment interactions in Great Lakes recreational waters: Implications for human health risk

VanMensel

Chaganti

Droppo

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiology

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Microbial assessments of recreational water have traditionally focused on culturing or DNA‐based approaches of the planktonic water column, omitting influence from microbe–sediment relationships. Sediment (bed and suspended) has been shown to often harbour levels of bacteria higher than the planktonic phase. The fate of suspended sediment (SS) bacteria is extensively related to transport dynamics (e.g., deposition) of the associated sediment/floc. When hydraulic energy allows, SS will settle, introducing new (potentially pathogenic) organisms to the bed. With turbulence, including waves, currents and swimmers, the risk of human ingestion is elevated due to resuspension of bed sediment and associated microbes. This research used multiplex nanofluidic reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR on RNA of bacteria associated with bed and SS to explore the active bacteria in freshwater shorelines. Bacterial genes of human health concern regarding recreational water use were targeted, such as faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), microbial source tracking genes and virulence factors from waterborne pathogens. Results indicate avian sources (i.e., gulls, geese) to be the largest nonpoint source of FIB associated with sediment in Great Lakes shorelines. This research introduces a novel approach to microbial water quality assessments and enhances our understanding of microbe–sediment dynamics and the quality of freshwater beaches.

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Microbial source tracking to identify fecal sources contaminating the Toronto Harbour and Don River watershed in wet and dry weather

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

The Application of a Universal Assay for Identifying the Source of Fecal Contamination in Southeast Michigan Water Bodies

The Application of a Universal Assay for Identifying the Source of Fecal Contamination in Southeast Michigan Water Bodies

Influence of tides on the dissemination and related health risks of intestinal helminths along the Kribi beaches (Atlantic Coast, Southern Cameroon)

Microbe–sediment interactions in Great Lakes recreational waters: Implications for human health risk

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