Microbial Source Tracking Using Quantitative and Digital PCR To Identify Sources of Fecal Contamination in Stormwater, River Water, and Beach Water in a Great Lakes Area of Concern

Staley, Zachery R.; Boyd, Rachel; Shum, Phoenix; Edge, Thomas A.

doi:10.1128/aem.01634-18

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It has been reported that in Xiamen, China, seven pathogenic marker genes were found in beach-bathing waters at 13 locations; this prior study targeted intestinal bacteria and human fecal markers, which were found in almost all samples [41]. Similar contamination was also found in Rouge River in Canada [42] and Florida Gulf coast beaches [43]. Deterioration and pollution of coastal water environment are directly related to the occurrence of these pathogens and their infectious diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Assessment of seawater bacterial infection in rabbit tibia by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bacterial culture

Wei

Zheng²,

Lv³

et al. 2021

J Orthop Surg Res

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Objectives We aimed to explore the bacterial community composition following ocean bacterial infection using an animal model. Methods This animal-based experiment was conducted from September 2019 to November 2019. Eighteen seawater filter membranes were collected from Changle City, Fujiian Province, China, on September 8, 2019. Ten filter membranes were used for implantation. Eight filter membranes that were used in the bacterial culture for the exploration of seawater bacteria were assigned to the seawater group (SG). Fourteen healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Seawater filter membranes and asepsis membranes were implanted into the tibia in the EG and CG, respectively. One week after surgery, tibial bone pathology tissues were collected and assessed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Medullary cavity tissues were collected for the performance of Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bacterial culture. The differences between EG and CG were assessed by pathological observation under light microscopy and SEM, high-throughput bacterial sequencing, and bacterial culture. Results Compared with the CG, the infection rate was 100%, and the mortality value was 20% after the implantation of the filter membranes in the EG. Both light microscopy and SEM showed that a large number of bacteria were distributed in the bone marrow cavity after ocean bacterial infection. No bacterial growth was found in the CG. Illumina MiSeq sequencing found that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Thermotogae, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria at the phylum level and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_7, Haloimpatiens, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_15, Clostridiaceae_1, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_18, and Oceanotoga were the dominant bacteria in genus level among the EG. In the bacterial culture of the medullary cavity tissues, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shewanella algae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Vibrio vulnificus were the predominant infective species. Moreover, compared with the SG, the EG showed a higher detection rate of E. coli and S. aureus (P = 0.008 and P = 0.001, respectively). The detection rates of V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. fluvialis were higher in the SG than the EG (P = 0.007, P = 0.03, and P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions Our model, which was comprehensively evaluated using four techniques: histopathology and SEM observation, gene detection, and bacteria culture, provides a scientific basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients in such settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Assessment of seawater bacterial infection in rabbit tibia by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bacterial culture

Wei

Zheng²,

Lv³

et al. 2021

J Orthop Surg Res

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“…Before sending the samples to the University of Dhaka's Department of Soil, Water, and Environment Laboratory for heavy metals analysis, 1 mL of ultrapure nitric acid was added to each polypropylene bottle to produce a pH ~ 1 ( 29 ). The standard sampling protocol was performed for all the samples at each sampling site ( 30 ).…”

Section: Article Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant Discharge From Outfalls and Subsequent Aquatic Ecological Risks in the River Systems in Dhaka City: Extent of Waste Load Contribution in Pollution

Majed

Islam

2022

Front. Public Health

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Dhaka, the capital city, which is the nerve center of Bangladesh, is crisscrossed by six different rivers. A network of peripheral rivers connects the city and functions as a natural drainage system for a massive amount of wastewater and sewage by the increased number of inhabitants impacting the overall environmental soundness and human health. This study intended to identify and characterize the outfalls along the peripheral rivers of Dhaka city with the assessment of different pollution indices such as comprehensive pollution index (CPI), organic pollution index (OPI), and ecological risk indices (ERI). The study evaluated the status of the pollution in the aquatic system in terms of ambient water quality parameters along the peripheral rivers due to discharge from outfalls with a particular focus on waste load contribution. Among the identified outfalls, the majority are industrial discharge (60%), and some are originated from municipal (30%), or domestic sewers (10%). Water quality parameters such as suspended solids (SS), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) for most of the peripheral rivers deviated by as much as 40–50% from industrial discharge standards by the environment conservation rules, Bangladesh, 1997. Based on the CPI, the rivers Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, and Turag could be termed as severely polluted (CPI > 2.0), while the OPI indicated heavy organic pollutant (OPI > 4) contamination in the Dhaleshwari and Buriganga rivers. The associated pollution indices demonstrate a trend for each subsequent peripheral river with significant pollution toward the downstream areas. The demonstrated waste loading map from the outfalls identified sources of significant environmental contaminants in different rivers leading to subsequent ecological risks. The study outcomes emphasize the necessity of systematic investigation and monitoring while controlling the point and non-point urban pollution sources discharging into the peripheral rivers of Dhaka city.

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“…Microbial source tracking (MST) is a molecular diagnostic approach for tracking fecal contamination sources at the animal-species level, even in cases of diffuse origin [8,17,23,31,32,36,37,[39][40][41][42][43][44]. This is based on the hypothesis that there are host-associated microorganisms that each species has in their intestinal tract [17,19,20,23,32,35,36,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Source Tracking as a Method of Determination of Beach Sand Contamination

Valério

Santos

Teixeira

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Beach sand may act as a reservoir for numerous microorganisms, including enteric pathogens. Several of these pathogens originate in human or animal feces, which may pose a public health risk. In August 2019, high levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were detected in the sand of the Azorean beach Prainha, Terceira Island, Portugal. Remediation measures were promptly implemented, including sand removal and the spraying of chlorine to restore the sand quality. To determine the source of the fecal contamination, during the first campaign, supratidal sand samples were collected from several sites along the beach, followed by microbial source tracking (MST) analyses of Bacteroides marker genes for five animal species, including humans. Some of the sampling sites revealed the presence of marker genes from dogs, seagulls, and ruminants. Making use of the information on biological sources originating partially from dogs, the municipality enforced restrictive measures for dog-walking at the beach. Subsequent sampling campaigns detected low FIB contamination due to the mitigation and remediation measures that were undertaken. This is the first case study where the MST approach was used to determine the contamination sources in the supratidal sand of a coastal beach. Our results show that MST can be an essential tool to determine sources of fecal contamination in the sand. This study shows the importance of holistic management of beaches that should go beyond water quality monitoring for FIB, putting forth evidence for beach sand monitoring.

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Microbial Source Tracking Using Quantitative and Digital PCR To Identify Sources of Fecal Contamination in Stormwater, River Water, and Beach Water in a Great Lakes Area of Concern

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of seawater bacterial infection in rabbit tibia by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bacterial culture

Assessment of seawater bacterial infection in rabbit tibia by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and bacterial culture

Contaminant Discharge From Outfalls and Subsequent Aquatic Ecological Risks in the River Systems in Dhaka City: Extent of Waste Load Contribution in Pollution

Microbial Source Tracking as a Method of Determination of Beach Sand Contamination

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