Microbial Symbionts of Parasitoids

Dicke, Marcel; Cusumano, Antonino; Poelman, Erik H.

doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024939

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Such a Wolbachia ‐induced uniparental reproduction can be found in Apoanagyrus diversicornis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), the closest relative of A. vladimiri that has been reported to carry Wolbachia 62 . Wolbachia is known to induce CI in many parasitoid species, 42,63 but does not seem to have this phenotype in our study system. Nevertheless, the possibility that Wolbachia may induce CI under other environmental conditions, or in other A. vladimiri populations cannot be ruled out (e.g., 64 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Wolbachia influence on the fitness of Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a bio‐control agent of mealybugs

Izraeli

Lalzar

Netanel

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Like numerous other animals, biocontrol agents (BCAs) of arthropod pests carry various microorganisms that may have diverse effects on the biology of their eukaryote hosts. We postulated that it is possible to improve the efficacy of BCAs by manipulating the composition of their associated microbiota. The parasitoid wasp Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from a mass‐rearing facility was chosen for testing this hypothesis. RESULTS High‐throughput sequencing analysis indicated that fungal abundance in A. vladimiri was low and variable, whereas the bacterial community was dominated by the endosymbiont Wolbachia. Wolbachia was fixed in the mass‐rearing population, whereas in field‐collected A. vladimiri Wolbachia's prevalence was only approximately 20%. Identification of Wolbachia strains from the two populations by Multi Locus Sequence Typing, revealed two closely related but unique strains. A series of bioassays with the mass‐rearing Wolbachia‐fixed (W+) and a derived antibiotic‐treated Wolbachia‐free (W–) lines revealed that: (i) Wolbachia does not induce reproductive manipulations; (ii) W– females have higher fecundity when reared individually, but not when reared with conspecifics; (iii) W+ females outcompete W– when they share hosts for oviposition; (iv) longevity and developmental time were similar in both lines. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that W+ A. vladimiri have no clear fitness benefit under mass‐rearing conditions and may be disadvantageous under lab‐controlled conditions. In a broader view, the results suggest that augmentative biological control can benefit from manipulation of the microbiome of natural enemies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Wolbachia influence on the fitness of Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a bio‐control agent of mealybugs

Izraeli

Lalzar

Netanel

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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“…Currently, there is much interest in the role of the microbiome in organismal functioning. In a biocontrol context, it is known that microbes can generate chemical signals that attract parasitoids to their host, and that bacteria can have a defensive role against parasitoids, such as in aphids (Oliver, Moran, & Hunter, 2006; Schmid et al ., 2012; Rothacher, Ferrer‐Suay, & Vorburger, 2016; Jamin & Vorburger, 2019; Koskinioti et al ., 2019; Dicke, Cusumano, & Poelman, 2020). Nowadays, universal DNA markers can be applied to characterise the microbiome, that is to identify all bacterial symbionts to at least family or genus level, and their proportionate presence (Ras et al ., 2017).…”

Section: What Genetic Information Do We Need?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐generation biological control: the need for integrating genetics and genomics

et al. 2020

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Biological control is widely successful at controlling pests, but effective biocontrol agents are now more difficult to import from countries of origin due to more restrictive international trade laws (the Nagoya Protocol). Coupled with increasing demand, the efficacy of existing and new biocontrol agents needs to be improved with genetic and genomic approaches. Although they have been underutilised in the past, application of genetic and genomic techniques is becoming more feasible from both technological and economic perspectives. We review current methods and provide a framework for using them. First, it is necessary to identify which biocontrol trait to select and in what direction. Next, the genes or markers linked to these traits need be determined, including how to implement this information into a selective breeding program. Choosing a trait can be assisted by modelling to account for the proper agro‐ecological context, and by knowing which traits have sufficiently high heritability values. We provide guidelines for designing genomic strategies in biocontrol programs, which depend on the organism, budget, and desired objective. Genomic approaches start with genome sequencing and assembly. We provide a guide for deciding the most successful sequencing strategy for biocontrol agents. Gene discovery involves quantitative trait loci analyses, transcriptomic and proteomic studies, and gene editing. Improving biocontrol practices includes marker‐assisted selection, genomic selection and microbiome manipulation of biocontrol agents, and monitoring for genetic variation during rearing and post‐release. We conclude by identifying the most promising applications of genetic and genomic methods to improve biological control efficacy.

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“…Recently, there is much interest in the role of the microbiome in organismal functioning. In the context of biological control, it is known that microbes can be responsible for chemical signals that attract parasitoids to their host, and that bacteria can have a defensive role against parasitoids, such as in aphids (Oliver, Moran, & Hunter, 2006;Schmid et al, 2012;Rothacher, Ferrer-Suay, & Vorburger, 2016;Jamin & Vorburger, 2019;Koskinioti et al, 2019;Dicke, Cusumano, & Poelman, 2020). Nowadays, universal DNA markers can be applied to characterize the microbiome, i.e.…”

Section: Microbiomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Biological Control: The Need for Integrating Genetics and Evolution

Leung¹,

Ras²,

Ferguson³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Biological control is widely successful for controlling pests, but effective biocontrol agents are now more difficult to obtain due to more restrictive international trade laws. Coupled with increasing demand, the efficacy of existing and new biocontrol agents needs to be improved with genetic and genomic approaches. Although they have been underutilised in the past, applying genetic and genomic techniques is becoming more feasible from both technological and economic perspectives. We review current methods and provide a framework for using them, incorporating evolutionary and ecological principles. First, it is necessary to identify which biocontrol trait to select and in what direction. Next, the genes or markers linked to these traits need be determined to better target their selection, followed by how to implement this information into a breeding program. Choosing a trait can be assisted by modelling to account for the proper agro-ecological context, and by knowing which traits have sufficiently high heritability values. We provide guidelines for designing genomic strategies in biocontrol programs, which depends on the organism, budget, and desired objective. Genomic approaches start with genome sequencing and assembly. We provide a guide for deciding the most successful sequencing strategy for biocontrol agents. Gene discovery involves quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses, transcriptomic and proteomic studies, and gene editing. Improving biocontrol practices include marker-assisted selection, genomic selection and microbiome manipulation of biocontrol agents, and monitoring for genetic variation during rearing and post-release. We conclude by identifying the most promising applications of genetic and genomic methods to improve biological control efficacy.

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Microbial Symbionts of Parasitoids

Cited by 58 publications

References 117 publications

Wolbachia influence on the fitness of Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a bio‐control agent of mealybugs

Wolbachia influence on the fitness of Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a bio‐control agent of mealybugs

Next‐generation biological control: the need for integrating genetics and genomics

Next Generation Biological Control: The Need for Integrating Genetics and Evolution

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