Microbial synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the fungus Penicillium brevicompactum and their cytotoxic effects against mouse mayo blast cancer C2C12 cells

Abstract

Microorganisms, their cell filtrates, and live biomass have been utilized for synthesizing various gold nanoparticles. The shape, size, stability as well as the purity of the bio synthesized nanoparticles become very essential for application purpose. In the present study, gold nanoparticles have been synthesized from the supernatant, live cell filtrate, and biomass of the fungus Penicillium brevicompactum. The fungus has been grown in potato dextrose broth which is also found to synthesize gold nanoparticles. The size of the particles has been investigated by Bio-TEM before purification, following purification and after storing the particles for 3 months under refrigerated condition. Different characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy have been used for analysis of the particles. The effect of reaction parameters such as pH and concentration of gold salt have also been monitored to optimize the morphology and dispersity of the synthesized gold nanoparticles. A pH range of 5 to 8 has favored the synthesis process whereas increasing concentration of gold salt (beyond 2 mM) has resulted in the formation of bigger sized and aggregated nanoparticles. Additionally, the cytotoxic nature of prepared nanoparticles has been analyzed using mouse mayo blast cancer C(2)C(12) cells at different time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h) of incubation period. The cells are cultivated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum with antibiotics (streptopenicillin) at 37°C in a 5% humidified environment of CO(2). The medium has been replenished every other day, and the cells are subcultured after reaching the confluence. The viability of the cells is analyzed with 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method.

Facile bio-synthesis of gold nanoparticles by using extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and evaluation of its cytotoxicity against U87 glioblastoma cells under hyperglycemic condition

“…1(a) and (b) shows the UV-visible spectra of the corresponding aqueous dispersion of Au NPs obtained by using LE and SE respectively. From the above figure it is suggested that SE did not yield well dispersed NPs [13,14]. The change in the color of the gold salt solution from light yellow to purple is the clear evidence of the reduction of the gold ions to NPs as aqueous dispersion of Au NPs are known to exhibit intense color owing to the SPR phenomenon [13,14,18,19,20].…”

“…Hence increase in the pH to basic condition may either have decreased the formation of initial metal nuclei or may have resulted in the agglomeration of the NPs [13,38]. Fig.…”

“…An aliquot was taken every minute for spectrophotometric analysis. With the completion of synthesis, the Au NPs were further processed for purification using centrifugation as a unit operation [13].…”

“…It is suggested that biogenic nano-systems could be biocompatible and therefore may portray effective anticancer property. Microorganisms have been extensively studied for synthesis of Au NPs [13][14][15].…”

Bioinspired synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of enzyme-mediated gold nanoparticles using a fungal oxidoreductase

“…Within the large family of metal nanoparticles, AuNPs have been used in various cutting edge applications such as biology systems and medicinal industry, communication, nano-electronics, nano-sensor and environmental protection [4][5][6]. Moreover, AuNPs have a tremendous potential in biological applications such as nano-gene delivery, nano-drug delivery, biological nanosensing, biological nano-labeling and nano-medicine [7,8] along with their antifungal, antibacterial and larvicidal activities [9][10][11][12]. A plenty of techniques have been recognized to synthesize AuNPs, including conventional chemical reduction, spray pyrolysis, physical steam deposition and irradiation method.…”