Microbial transformations of tin and tin compounds

Cooney, J. J.

doi:10.1007/bf01569577

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Organotin compounds are widely used as polymer stabilizers, fungicides, antifoulants, insecticides, and organic catalysts [1,2]. Triphenyltin (TPT) is an organotin which is primarily used as a contact fungicide to treat crops including potatoes, sugar beets, celery, peanuts, pecans, carrots, soybeans, and rice [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Kannan¹,

Lee²

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Triphenyltin (TPT) is a fungicide used on a variety of crops throughout the world. In this study, pecan orchards in central Georgia (USA) previously sprayed with commercial TPT hydroxide mixtures were found to have TPT concentrations of 8.5 to 37 g/g dry weight in foliage and 1.2 to 12 g/g dry weight in soil. Total phenyltin concentrations (monophenyltin [MPT] ϩ diphenyltin [DPT] ϩ TPT) in foliage and soils immediately after application were up to 72 and 26 g/g dry weight, respectively. Besides TPT, DPT and MPT were present in the leaves and soils, with MPT generally the predominant compound. The proportion of MPT to TPT in pecan leaves increased with time after spraying, which was indicative of photolytic degradation of TPT. Microbial degradation of radiolableled TPT in soil or sediment samples was slow, with only 5% degraded during a 14-d incubation period. Triphenyltin was absent from the subsurface soils (2 to 15 cm depth) even though it had been sprayed eight to 10 times a year at a rate of 850 g/ha for the past 10 years. In an orchard where the last spraying was carried out approx. 2 years ago, TPT was absent, but MPT was present at approximately the same concentration as recently sprayed orchards. Fish (blue gill, largemouth bass, and channel catfish) from a pond near a recently sprayed pecan orchard had TPT as well as DPT and MPT. The predominate phenyltin in all fish was MPT, with 22 g/g wet weight in the liver of catfish. Radiolabeled TPT was only slowly metabolized by the fathead minnow, with 2% of the TPT metabolized to DPT after 6 d of exposure via water. Photodegradation appears to be the major factor affecting the fate of TPT in soils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Kannan¹,

Lee²

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…While inorganic forms of tin are of relatively low toxicity, the more lipid-soluble organotins can be highly toxic to microorganisms and other life forms (Thayer 1984;Cooney and Wuertz 1989). Generally, trisubstituted (R3SnX) organotins are more toxic than di-(R2SnX2) and monosubstituted (RSnX3) compounds, the anion (X) being considered to * Present address: Glaxo Group Research, Park Road, Ware, Herts, UK Offprint requests to: G. M. Gadd have little influence on toxicity (Blunden and Chapman 1986;Cooney 1988a). The high biocidal activity of trisubstituted organotins such as tributyltin chloride (TBTC) or tributyltin oxide (TBTO) has lead to their extensive biocidal use as wood and fabric preservatives and as components of antifouling paints (Thayer 1984(Thayer , 1988Cooney and Wuertz 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride

Gadd

Gray

Newby

1990

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Intact biomass of an albino and a melanic strain of Aureobasidium pullulans, as well as purified melanin from the latter strain, was capable of tributyltin chloride (TBTC) removal from solution. Melanized biomass had a greater biosorptive capacity than albino biomass, this difference being attributable to the presence of melanin. Purified melanin had a large capacity for TBTC biosorption, the calculated maximum uptake capacity, qe, being approximately 35 mmol (g dry wt) -1. TBTC biosorption by intact biomass and melanin obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm over the concentration range used, and was relatively unaffected by external pH between pH 3.5 and 6.5: an approximate 20% decrease in TBTC biosorption resulted at external pH 2.5. A TBTC concentration of 0.3 ~tM in growth medium resulted in a lag period which was longer with the albino strain (approximately 50 h) than with the pigmented strain (approximately 25 h). The addition of melanin to TBTC-containing growth media resulted in a reduction in toxicity and attainment of higher cell yields. The applied and environmental significance of these interactions are discussed.

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“…S-adenosyl-methionine and methyl-cobalamine) [23,24] and eliminate some toxic elements (such as As, I, Sb, Sn...) in forms of volatile compounds.…”

Section: Element-specific Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening the importance of soil micro-organisms on radionuclides mobility

Roussel-Debet

Deneux-Mustin²,

Munier-Lamy³

2005

Radioprotection

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Abstract. In surface soils, the native physical and chemical properties of the abiotic components control most of the sorption-desorption processes. Moreover, micro-organisms may significantly modify the speciation of trace elements and/or radionuclides and subsequently determine their fate, to a large extent. Micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, develop many strategies that may affect indirectly or directly the behaviour of trace elements. Due to their activity, changes in the pore-water composition, e.g. pH, redox-potential, may occur in relation with organic acid production or solid phase alteration, reduction or oxidation of metallic oxi-hydroxides, and mineralization of organo-metallic complexes. Micro-organisms may also directly modify the speciation of radionuclides as a result of bio-accumulation in living cells, biosorption on cellular components, direct reduction or oxidation, biomethylation, etc. Each one of these microbial processes may either increase or decrease radionuclide mobility, depending on the element, the soil reactivity and the environmental conditions. The resulting effect of these processes is still poorly known. This literature review intends to present a comprehensive overview of the role of micro-organisms on radionuclide mobility. It aims at classifying these elements, regarding to their potential sensitivity to these microbial processes. It summarizes the theoretical effect of these mechanisms, resulting in a potential increase or decrease of the solid-liquid distribution. The environmental significance of such processes for various biogeochemical radionuclides cycles still remains to be confirmed by experiments. (This study is part of a research program supported by Andra).

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Microbial transformations of tin and tin compounds

Cited by 52 publications

References 73 publications

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Triphenyltin and its degradation products in foliage and soils from sprayed pecan orchards and in fish from adjacent ponds

Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride

Screening the importance of soil micro-organisms on radionuclides mobility

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