This study aimed to assess the microbiological status of smoked fish (SF) and smoked–dried fish (SDF) processed in Benin, and to identify the contamination factors associated with these products. A total of 66 fish samples, including fresh fish and processed fish, were randomly collected from different processing sites and markets for microbial characterization using standard methods. The aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) density varied from 2.9 to 9.5 Log
10
CFU/g.
Enterobacteriaceae
,
Escherichia coli
,
Bacillus cereus
,
Clostridium perfringens
, yeasts, and molds were present in 63.9%, 27.8%, 55.6%, 58.3%, 61.1%, and 77.8% of samples, respectively, while no
Salmonella
spp.,
Listeria monocytogenes,
and
Staphylococcus aureus
were found. The majority (66.7%) of SF samples and 22.2% of SDF samples were not compliant with the acceptable limit of <7.0 Log
10
CFU/g recommended by the Health Protection Agency for AMB, whereas the
Enterobacteriaceae
counts exceeded the recommended level of 4.0 Log
10
CFU/g for 50% of SF and 5.6% of SDF samples. Likewise, 38.9% of SF samples were not compliant for
E. coli
. Microbiological hazard analysis of practices allowed to identify the sensitive steps where hygiene measures need to be emphasized for an improved quality control.