Microbiological and Susceptibility Profile of Clinical Gram Positive Isolates at a Tertiary Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Abstract

Introduction: Information on microbiological and susceptibility profiles of Monoglian bacterial isolates is scarce. Resistance profiles, patient demographics and microbiological work-up of gram positive isolates were analyzed in order to develop infection control activities and policies at the National Center for Maternity and Children’s Health (NCMCH) in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia.Methods: All gram positive isolates of specimens submitted to the microbiology laboratory at NCMCH between January 2014 and August 2017 were included. Data collected included demographic data, specimen type, in-/outpatient status, hospital ward of sample origin, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing profile. Susceptibility testing was performed by trained microbiologists at the NCMCH microbiology laboratory. T-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used as appropriate.Results: Of 11,889 isolates, 4012 (33.7%) were gram positive, with most identified as S. aureus (62.6%, n=2512). Rates of methicillin resistance (MRSA) remained stable at a quarter, but was significantly higher among inpatients (inpatients: 630/2002, 31.5%; outpatients 67/290, 23.1%; p≤0.05) and sterile site isolates (sterile: 83/171, 48.5%; non-sterile: 416/1678, 24.8%; p≤0.01). The vast majority of S. pneumoniae isolates (12/14; 85%) was found to be penicillin resistant by oxacillin disk diffusion. While identification of Group B streptococci was rare (n=137) due to of lack of diagnostic measures available, the number of enterococcal isolates identified increased signifi-cantly due to implementation of improved microbiological work-up (2015: n=7; 2016: n=26; 2017: n=83).Conclusion: Compared with published studies from neighboring nations, the rates of antimicrobial resistance among gram positive isolates at NCMCH, particularly with respect to S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, were much higher. Further improvement of microbiological diagnostics and collabo-ration of stakeholders is required to address the pressing infection control and stewardship issues and to ensure reliable identification of relevant pathogens in Mongolia.

Diagnósticos microbiológicos en un hospital gineco-obstétrico pediátrico: Un reporte de centro único

“…Regarding the isolation and identification of microorganisms according to clinical area, the highest number of cultures were ordered by the hospitalization service (77.45%), with a relative predominance of gram bacilli and cocci, results that are close to those reported in some of the Epidemiological studies reviewed [11,15,[17][18][19], although others report a clear prevalence of gram + bacteria [20,29]. For this reason, it is presumed that this variability would be influenced by geographicclimatic and socioenvironmental conditions and perhaps typical of each health institution, a reflection that again insists on the importance of identifying epidemiological profiles to determine the behavior of microorganisms of clinical importance to guide the corresponding containment measures.…”

“…pneumoniae: 1.2% -12.8%[15][16][17][18][19][20]. This group mostly coincides with the prevalence reported in this study.…”

Investigation of the Antibacterial Properties and Mode of Action of Compounds From Urtica dioica L.

“…Based on the most recent statistics provided by the World Health Organization, it is projected that over 700,000 individuals residing in Asian nations, including China, South Korea, and Malaysia, experience mortality annually due to the direct consequences of antibiotic resistance [1]. In Asian countries, antimicrobial resistance is reported to be increasing at an alarming rate [2].…”