Microbiological contamination of radiological equipment

Giacometti, Marika; Gualano, Maria Rosaria; Bert, Fabrizio; Minniti, Davide; Bistrot, F; Grosso, María Del; Siliquini, Roberta

doi:10.1177/0284185113512481

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This may result in the transmission of HCAIs since portable x-rays are often performed on multiple patients at one time and one cassette may be used for multiple patients [43]. Giacometti et al observed that 41.7% of x-ray tubes, 91.7% of control panels and imaging plates, and 8% of x-ray cassettes in the RD imaging rooms were contaminated [33]. The machine control panels and working monitors were the most often contaminated items in the RD.…”

Section: Radiology Equipment and Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IR suite can be considered to be a ''very high risk area'' for the transmission of HCAIs [33,80]. Reduction of infection in IR requires the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis [81,82], identification of risk factors, and the appropriate pre-, intra-, and post-procedural care of the patients undergoing interventions.…”

Section: Hcais and Interventional Radiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Care–Associated Infections and the Radiology Department

Ilyas

Burbridge

Babyn

2019

Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences

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Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are a significant concern for both health care workers (HCWs) and patients. They are a major contributing factor of disease in industrialized countries, and are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and a direct annual financial loss of $6-7 billion in North America alone. They are an increasingly challenging health issue due to multidrug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci among others, along with an increasing number of susceptible patients. Over the last three decades, the risk of HCAIs has increased in the radiology department (RD) in part because of an increased number of patients visiting the department and an increase in the utilization of imaging modalities. In this review, we will discuss how patients and staff can be exposed to HCAIs in the RD, including contaminated inanimate surfaces, radiology equipment, and associated medical devices. As the role of medical imaging has extended from primarily diagnosis to include more interventions, the implementation and development of standardized infection minimization protocols and infection control procedures are vital in the RD, particularly in interventional radiology. With globalisation and the rapid movement of people regionally, nationally, and globally, there is greater risk of exposure to contagious diseases such as Ebola, especially if infected patients are undiagnosed when they travel. For effective infection control, advanced training and education of HCWs in the RD is essential.The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of HCAIs as related to activities of the RD. We will discuss the following major topics including the variety of HCAIs commonly encountered, the role of the RD in HCAIs, transmission of infections to patients and HCWs in the RD, standard infection prevention measures, and the management of susceptible/infected patients in the RD. We shall also examine the role of, and the preparedness of, HCWs, including RD technologists and interventional radiologists, who may be exposed to undiagnosed, yet infected patients. We shall conclude with a brief discussion of the role of further research related to HCAIs. Learning ObjectivesAfter the completion of this review article, the readers will Understand the exposure and role of radiology department in health care-associated infections, Know the causes/modes/transmission of infections in radiology department, Be conscious of standard disinfection protocols, Be aware of current and future strategies required for the effective control of health care-associated infection in the radiology department. This is a CME article and provides the equivalent of 2 hours of continuing education that may be applied to your professional development credit system. A 10-question multiple-choice quiz follows this reading. Please note that no formalized credit (category A) is available from CAMRT.

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Section: Radiology Equipment and Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hcais and Interventional Radiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care–Associated Infections and the Radiology Department

Ilyas

Burbridge

Babyn

2019

Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences

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“…The results of this study were consistent with previous studies that investigated stethoscopes, sponges, electrograph leads, electrograph wires, and suction cups for IF machines2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 15 ) . This issue also poses a concern in radiological departments where the surfaces of equipment could serve as a reservoir for pathological agents that can cross infect patients undergoing treatment as well as healthcare professionals providing the treatment16 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination in physical therapy departments in the State of Kuwait

et al. 2017

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[Purpose] Interferential therapy and electrical stimulation are electrophysical modalities commonly used in physical therapy departments to treat patients with musculoskeletal problems. These machines are applied directly to the patient’s skin via a medium or electrodes, which can facilitate the transmission of microorganisms from one patient to another. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of microorganism contamination in the machines sponges at physical therapy departments in Kuwait hospitals. [Subjects and Methods] Sixty samples comprising sponges from interferential therapy and electrical stimulation machines, and water from hot pack units were collected from 5 physical therapy departments in 5 different hospitals. The samples were analyzed at a Medical Laboratory to explore the extent and type of microorganisms present. [Results] Forty-one of the 60 samples (68.3%) were positive for microorganism contamination. Of the 41 contaminated samples, 28 (68.3%) were sponges and 13 (31.7%) were water samples. The major microorganisms found were Acinetobacter baumannii (21.9%), Serratia marcescens (12.2%), and Staphylococcus lentus (7.3%). [Conclusion] Interferential therapy and electrical stimulation in physical therapy departments have a high probability of causing cross contamination between patients. Physical therapists are encouraged to adhere to safety guidelines, such as disinfection management, disposal of used sponges, and regular sponge replacement.

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“…Medical radiation science (MRS) professionals have a high degree of direct contact with members of the community who are susceptible to infections including children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems [6]. This level of interaction means that if an MRS worker develops an infection, there is a high chance of it spreading to these susceptible patients (and similarly from patients to healthcare workers) [6]. In addition, a lot of the equipment utilized within MRS is shared between patients with a broad range of pathologies [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This level of interaction means that if an MRS worker develops an infection, there is a high chance of it spreading to these susceptible patients (and similarly from patients to healthcare workers) [6]. In addition, a lot of the equipment utilized within MRS is shared between patients with a broad range of pathologies [6]. As such, appropriate hygiene practices are imperative to ensure this equipment does not harbor harmful microorganisms [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Healthcare-Associated Infectious Organisms in Medical Radiation Science Departments

2020

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant occupational risk to medical radiation science (MRS) professionals, who have a high degree of patient contact. Current research largely focusses on HAIs in patients, with limited attention given to infectious organisms that MRS professionals are exposed to. This is a significant gap that this systematic review seeks to address by summarizing current literature to determine the infectious organisms within MRS departments, their reservoirs, and transmission modes. Reporting of this systematic review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Five databases were searched (Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) for relevant studies published between 1983 and 2018. Quality assessment was performed using checklists from the Johanna Briggs Institute. Nineteen studies were included in the review; twelve of which were set in diagnostic radiography departments, two in radiotherapy departments, and five in non-MRS departments. No studies were set in nuclear medicine departments, indicating a gap in the available literature. A total of 19 genera of infectious organisms were identified in the literature, with Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium reported in all MRS departments. Infectious organisms were identified in all observational studies, indicating a need for better infection control methods and/or compliance training within MRS to minimize the risk of infections.

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Microbiological contamination of radiological equipment

Abstract: Background: Important changes have occurred in radiological departments over the past 30 years.

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Health Care–Associated Infections and the Radiology Department

Health Care–Associated Infections and the Radiology Department

Bacterial contamination in physical therapy departments in the State of Kuwait

A Systematic Review of Healthcare-Associated Infectious Organisms in Medical Radiation Science Departments

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