Microbiological evaluation of fecal bacterial composition from surface water through aquifer sand material

Abstract

When bacterial pathogens from livestock contaminate drinking water supplies, they can cause different forms of gastroenteritis. The objective of this study was to enumerate the concentrations of fecal indicator (Escherichia coli and enterococci) in surface water in order to determine removal efficiency by sand filtration. The concentrations of different indicator bacterial species were determined after running tertiary treated water through two tanks containing aquifer material. Enterococcus faecalis primers targeting the ddl gene and primers for Enterococcus faecium were used to identify the two species in the samples. A PCR assay based on the partial sequence of the b-D-glucoronidase gene (uidA) for specific detection and differentiation of E. coli populations was used to confirm the presence of E. coli after a biochemical test. The biochemical test overestimated the percentage of E. faecium in our samples, but the PCR assay with the ddl gene produced 100% specificity with Enterococcus faecalis. The biochemical test was 91.5% specific in identifying E. coli. The composition of indicator bacteria in Santa Ana River was dominated by intestinal microflora of humans and animals; filtration by aquifer sand material may reduce the transport of indicator bacteria from surface water to groundwater.

Functional Genomic Characterization of Virulence Factors from Necrotizing Fasciitis-Causing Strains of Aeromonas hydrophila

“…We believe that since these water samples were collected at a later time subsequent to the infection of the patient, water microbiota changed because of fluctuations in the environmental conditions (85,86). Nevertheless, our studies reinforce the idea that both benign and highly virulent strains can be present at all times in fresh and brackish waters, where aeromonads flourish.…”

Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli from Human and Animal Sources Uncovers Multiple Resistances from Human Sources

“…All sampling sites along the Chino Creek and Cypress channel were in violation of local and EPA water quality standards for fecal indicator bacterial counts. All of these sites are situated near known human point sources or agricultural operations [25], [26], [27]. Due to high concentrations of indicator bacteria in the MSAR, some remediation activities had been instituted to reduce some of the contaminants.…”

The use of composting for the disposal of African swine fever virus‐infected swine carcasses

“…The plates were then incubated at 37˚ for 24 h. After incubation, presumptive colonies were subjected to Gram staining and biochemical test. For E. coli , 3–5 presumptive colonies on each EMB agar plate were also confirmed by PCR as previously described by Ibekwe and Lyon (2008). Based on the results of Gram staining, biochemical test and PCR, total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms and E. coli were calculated as CFU/g.…”