Microbiological findings in early and late implant loss: an observational clinical case-controlled study

Abstract

Background Implants are a predictable and well-established treatment method in dentistry. Nevertheless, looking at possible failures of dental implants, early and late loss have to be distinguished. The intent of the study was to report microbiological findings on the surface of implants with severe peri-implantitis, which had to be explanted. Methods 53 specimens of implants from 48 patients without severe general illnesses have been examined. The groups investigated were implants that had to be removed in the period of osseointegration (early loss, 13 patients with 14 implants) or after the healing period (late loss, 14 patients with 17 implants). The implant losses were compared with two control groups (implants with no bone loss directly after completed osseointegration, two to four months after implant placement (17 patients with 17 implants) and implants with no bone loss and prosthetic restoration for more than three years (5 patients with 5 implants)). Data about the bacteria located in the peri-implant sulcus was collected using amplification and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results The biofilm composition differed substantially between individuals. Both in early and late implant loss, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were found to be abundant. Late lost implants showed higher bacterial diversity and in addition higher abundances of Treponema, Fretibacterium, Pseudoramibacter and Desulfobulbus, while microbial communities of early loss implants were very heterogeneous and showed no significantly more abundant bacterial taxa. Conclusions Specific peri-implant pathogens were found around implants that were lost after a primarily uneventful osseointegration. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum frequently colonized the implant in early and late losses and could therefore be characteristic for implant loss in general. In general, early lost implants showed also lower microbial diversity than late losses. However, the microbial results were not indicative of the causes of early and late losses.

Scanning electron microscopic analysis of adherent bacterial biofilms associated with peri‐implantitis

“…These findings agree with previous research performed by sequencing that reveal lower diversity in peri-implantitis biofilm (Berglundh et al, 2011). Several studies have also reported high variation of species between individuals (Korsch et al, 2021;Schaumann et al, 2014;X. L. Yu et al, 2019).…”

“…The overall characteristics of the microbial shifts from health show increased levels of anaerobic, gram-negative, and motile bacteria in periimplantitis (Al-Ahmad et al, 2018;Apatzidou et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2012;Mombelli & Décaillet, 2011;Sanz-Martin et al, 2017). In addition, the majority of studies report that peri-implantitis sites exhibit a greater number of red and orange complex bacteria, such as Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Belibasakis & Manoil, 2021;Korsch et al, 2021;McHugh, 2012;Sanz-Martin et al, 2017;Schaumann et al, 2014;X. L. Yu et al, 2019).…”

Systemic Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Reduce Early Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…However, it appears that bacteria genes encoding resistance to metronidazole are less frequent in peri-implant tissues than those that encode resistance to beta-lactams [34]. In addition, bacteria related to dental implant failure [35] and peri-implantitis [36,37] can be variable and complex, but it consists in part of Gram-negative anaerobic species against which metronidazole is the antibiotic of choice [38,39]. For these reasons, it would be interesting to investigate the effectiveness of metronidazole in reducing dental implant failure.…”

Manure derived nutrients alter microbial community composition and increase the presence of potential pathogens in freshwater sediment

“…Those genera were then subset to only those ASVs mapped to species level using the DADA2 extension referenced above. This method of species annotation of 16S sequence data has been widely used throughout microbial research in the recent years (Chleilat et al, 2021; Korsch et al, 2021; McMullen et al, 2019; Muñana et al, 2020; Roth et al, 2019). Potential pathogens from each sample were then identified from known human, animal and plant pathogenic species curated in the above studies followed by a confirmatory literature search of human infection cases with identified pathogenic species.…”