Microbiological fractionation of stable sulfur isotopes: A review and critique

Chambers, L. A.; Trudinger, P. A.

doi:10.1080/01490457909377735

Cited by 410 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Sulfides are typically depleted in 34S relative to sulfate because of large isotopic fractionations accompanying bacterial sulfate reduction (Chambers and Trudinger 1979). The isotopic difference between sulfate and sulfide in FGL was large and approximately constant with depth (mean difference = 56.5o/oo: Table l), in excellent agreement with a 56Y& average difference found by Deevey et al (1963).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Sources of carbon and sulfur nutrition for consumers in three meromictic lakes of New York State1

Fry

1986

Limnology & Oceanography

102

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The trophic importance of bacterioplankton as a source of carbon and sulfur nutrition for consumers in meromictic lakes was tested using stable carbon (613C) and sulfur (c?~~S) isotopic measurements. Studies in three lakes near Syracuse, New York, showed that most consumers ultimately derive their C and S nutrition from a mixture of terrestrial detritus, phytoplankton, and littoral vegetation, rather than from bacterioplankton. Food webs in these meromictic lakes are thus similar to those in other lakes that lack dense populations of bacterioplankton.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Sources of carbon and sulfur nutrition for consumers in three meromictic lakes of New York State1

Fry

1986

Limnology & Oceanography

102

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“…Sediment sulfides are generated by microbial sulfate reduction, a process that fractionates sulfur isotopes very strongly (Chambers and Trudinger 1979). The sulfide pool is depleted in the heavier 34 S isotope relative to the source sulfate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical effects of iron availability on primary producers in a shallow marine carbonate environment

Chambers

Fourqurean

Macko

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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We completed a synoptic survey of iron, phosphorus, and sulfur concentrations in shallow marine carbonate sediments from south Florida. Total extracted iron concentrations typically were Ͻ50 mol g Ϫ1 dry weight (DW) and tended to decrease away from the Florida mainland, whereas total extracted phosphorus concentrations mostly were Ͻ10 mol g Ϫ1 DW and tended to decrease from west to east across Florida Bay. Concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds, up to 40 mol g Ϫ1 DW, tended to covary with sediment iron concentrations, suggesting that sulfide mineral formation was iron-limited. An index of iron availability derived from sediment data was negatively correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations in surface waters, demonstrating the close coupling of sediment-water column processes. Eight months after applying a surface layer of iron oxide granules to experimental plots, sediment iron, phosphorus, and sulfur were elevated to a depth of 10 cm relative to control plots. Biomass of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum was not different between control and iron addition plots, but individual shoot growth rates were significantly higher in experimental plots after 8 months. Although the iron content of leaf tissues was significantly higher from iron addition plots, no difference in phosphorus content of T. testudinum leaves was observed. Iron addition altered plant exposure to free sulfide, documented by a significantly higher ␦ 34

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“…A similar incubation procedure was necessary for hydrogen-oxidizing Desulfomicrobium autotrophicum. For this culture, the headspace was replaced by H 2 -CO 2 (80/20 [vol/vol]) at 10 5 Pa overpressure. The gas was replenished several times during the incubation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Sulfur Isotope Fractionations by Sulfate-Reducing Prokaryotes

Detmers

Brüchert

Habicht

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

355

284

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Batch culture experiments were performed with 32 different sulfate-reducing prokaryotes to explore the diversity in sulfur isotope fractionation during dissimilatory sulfate reduction by pure cultures. The selected strains reflect the phylogenetic and physiologic diversity of presently known sulfate reducers and cover a broad range of natural marine and freshwater habitats. Experimental conditions were designed to achieve optimum growth conditions with respect to electron donors, salinity, temperature, and pH. Under these optimized conditions, experimental fractionation factors ranged from 2.0 to 42.0‰. Salinity, incubation temperature, pH, and phylogeny had no systematic effect on the sulfur isotope fractionation. There was no correlation between isotope fractionation and sulfate reduction rate. The type of dissimilatory bisulfite reductase also had no effect on fractionation. Sulfate reducers that oxidized the carbon source completely to CO 2 showed greater fractionations than sulfate reducers that released acetate as the final product of carbon oxidation. Different metabolic pathways and variable regulation of sulfate transport across the cell membrane all potentially affect isotope fractionation. Previous models that explained fractionation only in terms of sulfate reduction rates appear to be oversimplified. The species-specific physiology of each sulfate reducer thus needs to be taken into account to understand the regulation of sulfur isotope fractionation during dissimilatory sulfate reduction.The stable sulfur isotope ratio between 32 S and 34 S of solid and dissolved sulfur compounds is widely used as a marker for bacterial sulfate reduction and bacterial processes associated with the recycling of sulfide (5,8,18). The reduction of sulfate by sulfate reducers is coupled to a pronounced enrichment of 32 S in the produced sulfide. However, the extent of the isotope enrichment remains a matter of ongoing debate. Results from batch-culture, continuous-culture, and resting-cell experiments suggested that the isotope enrichment is inversely proportional to sulfate reduction rates (9,22,23). Furthermore, below a threshold concentration of sulfate, the discrimination against 34 S apparently decreases (21). Previous experimental studies of the isotope fractionation were conducted with only a few selected species that were known at that time, mainly Desulfovibrio spp. and two Desulfotomaculum spp. (9,15,22,28). Moreover, since most of these species were isolated from freshwater environments, they are not necessarily of ecological importance in marine environments.The different electron donors used in these early pure-culture studies included ethanol, lactate, acetate, pyruvate, glucose, yeast extract, and hydrogen (22, 23). Today, a number of sulfate reducers are known that can metabolize a wide range of substrates including long-chain fatty acids, alcohols, and even aromatic compounds that represent relevant substrates for natural environments (33,45,47). Hydrogen, propionate, butyrate, and acetate appear to be...

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Microbiological fractionation of stable sulfur isotopes: A review and critique

Cited by 410 publications

References 82 publications

Sources of carbon and sulfur nutrition for consumers in three meromictic lakes of New York State1

Sources of carbon and sulfur nutrition for consumers in three meromictic lakes of New York State1

Biogeochemical effects of iron availability on primary producers in a shallow marine carbonate environment

Diversity of Sulfur Isotope Fractionations by Sulfate-Reducing Prokaryotes

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