Microbiological Investigation of Cephalosporins

Hamilton‐Miller, J. M. T.

doi:10.2165/00003495-198700342-00005

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…We have confirmed that these strains from ambulatory patients or patients who have been confined to the hospital for rather short periods of time are sensitive to the bactericidal effect of cefadroxil at concentrations equal to or less than 4 pg/mL (Quintiliani 1982, Hamilton-Miller 1987.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Despite interindividual variability in cefadroxil absorption, our patients achieved serum concentration levels equivalent to, or several times greater than, the MICs for common pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and group A streptococci (Quintiliani 1982, Bergan 1987, Hamilton-Miller 1987, McEniry 1987. Commonly occumng Staphylococcus aureus and S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…However, studies (Quintiliani 1982, Bergan 1987, Hamilton-Miller 1987 have shown that later, 1 hour or 2 hours after the oral dose, the pharmacokinetics are similar for both routes, i.e., the concentration of antibiotic is high enough to prevent infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral cefadroxil prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery

Nungu

Bengtsson

Olerud

et al. 1992

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Oral cefadroxil prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery

Nungu

Bengtsson

Olerud

et al. 1992

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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“…The discove1y of the functional role of penicillinbinding proteins (PBPs) for bacterial cell growth and morphological integrity in the presence of bet.a-lactam antimicrobials has provided a biochemical basis for the majority of morphological and ultrastructural changes. The change observed depends on which PBPs are affected (26) . For example, with beta-lactams and E coli: binding to PBP-l causes cell lysis; binding to PBP-2 causes bacterial cells to round up; while binding to PBP-3 affects septum formation and leads to filamentation (26).…”

Section: Effects On Morphology and Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Subinhibitory Antimicrobial Concentrations: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Data

Zhanel

Hoban

Harding

1991

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Antimicrobial activity is not an 'all or none' effect. An increase in the rate and extent of antimicrobial action is usually observed over a wide range of antimicrobial concentrations. Subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations are well known to produce significant antibacterial effects, and various antimicrobials at subinhibitory concentrations have been reported to inhibit the rate of bacterial growth. Bacterial virulence may be increased or decreased by subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations by changes in the ability of bacteria to adhere to epithelial cells or by alterations in bacterial susceptibility to host immune defences. Animal studies performed in rats, hamsters and rabbits demonstrate decreased bacterial adherence, reduced infectivity and increased survival of animals treated with subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations compared to untreated controls. The major future role of investigation of subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations will be to define more fully, at a molecular level, how antimicrobials exert their antibacterial effects.

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“…In earlier comparative studies of lower urinary tract infections (UTI), norfloxacin was shown to be highly effective and well tolerated (5,6). Cefadroxil belongs to the first generation of cephalosporins (7), drugs which are often used for treatment of both upper and lower UTI (8,9,10). This study was undertaken to compare the clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety of norfloxacin versus cefadroxil in the treatment of adults with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised double-blind study of norfloxacin and cefadroxil in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis

Sandberg¹,

Englund²,

Lincoln

et al. 1990

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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In a coordinated, double-blind multi-centre trial, adults with symptoms of acute pyelonephritis were randomly assigned to receive a two-week course of oral treatment with either 400 mg norfloxacin twice daily or 1 g cefadroxil twice daily. Of 197 patients enrolled in the study, 140 could be evaluated for drug efficacy and 193 for drug safety. Norfloxacin gave a significantly higher bacteriological cure rate than cefadroxil, both at 3 to 10 days (98% versus 65%; p less than 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (CI) for difference in proportions 21-46%) and up to eight weeks (87% versus 48%; p less than 0.0001; 95% CI 25-54%) after cessation of treatment. The differences between the two regimens were most pronounced in men and in patients with complicating factors such as diabetes mellitus and urinary tract abnormalities. The clinical response during treatment did not differ between the two groups, but symptomatic recurrences at follow-up were more common in the cefadroxil group (28% versus 3%; p less than 0.0001; 95% CI 14-36%). Adverse events were more often reported by patients receiving cefadroxil (39% versus 22%; p = 0.011; 95% CI 4-30%) and consisted mainly of gastrointestinal disturbances and vulvo-vaginitis. In terms of bacteriological and clinical efficacy and safety, a two-week course of norfloxacin was superior to a two-week course of cefadroxil for oral treatment of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis.

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Microbiological Investigation of Cephalosporins

Cited by 11 publications

References 114 publications

Oral cefadroxil prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery

Oral cefadroxil prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery

Subinhibitory Antimicrobial Concentrations: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Data

Randomised double-blind study of norfloxacin and cefadroxil in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis

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