Microbiological Profile in Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review

Rajasekar, Arvina; Varghese, Sheeja

doi:10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2022043121

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Two other studies [9,25] tended to find more microbiological diversity associated with peri-implantitis. These results are consistent with the findings of the systematic review by other authors [12,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Current Data on Oral Peri-Implant and Periodontal Microbiota and Its Pathological Changes: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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The 5- and 10-year implant success rates in dentistry are nearly 90%. Prevalence of peri-implant diseases is 10% for peri-implantitis and 50% for peri-implant mucositis. To better understand these inflammatory pathologies of infectious origin, it is important to know if the composition of the peri-implant microbiota is comparable with the periodontal microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions. New generation sequencing (NGS) is a recent metagenomic method that analyzes the overall microorganisms present in an ecological niche by exploiting their genome. These methods are of two types: 16S rRNA sequencing and the shotgun technique. For several years, they have been used to explore the oral, periodontal, and, more specifically, peri-implant microbiota. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the recent results of these new explorations by comparing the periodontal and peri-implant microbiota in patients with healthy and diseased sites and to explore the microbiological characteristics of peri-implantitis. A better knowledge of the composition of the peri-implant microbiota would enable us to optimize our therapeutic strategies. An electronic systematic search was performed using the medical databases PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, and Periodontology 2000. The selected articles were published between January 2015 and March 2021. Inclusion criteria included clinical studies comparing healthy and pathological periodontal and peri-implant microbiota exclusively using 16S rRNA sequencing or shotgun sequencing, with enrolled populations free of systemic pathology, and studies without substantial bias. Eight articles were selected and reviewed. All of them used 16S rRNA sequencing exclusively. The assessment of these articles demonstrates the specific character of the peri-implant microbiota in comparison with the periodontal microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions. Indeed, peri-implant diseases are defined by dysbiotic bacterial communities that vary from one individual to another, including known periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) and genera less mentioned in the periodontal disease pattern such as Filifactor alocis. Examination of peri-implant microbiota with 16S rRNA sequencing reveals differences between the periodontal and peri-implant microbiota under healthy and pathological conditions in terms of diversity and composition. The pattern of dysbiotic drift is preserved in periodontal and peri-implant diseases, but when comparing the different types of pathological sites, the peri-implant microbiota has a specificity in the presence of bacteria proper to peri-implantitis and different relative proportions of the microorganisms present.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Current Data on Oral Peri-Implant and Periodontal Microbiota and Its Pathological Changes: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…Aggressive periodontitis, on the other hand, is distinguished by a rapid rate of disease progression, with neither systemic involvement nor a familial accumulation of cases [ 12 ]. Rather than being a distinct condition, generalized aggressive periodontitis is most likely the previous stage of localized aggressive periodontitis [ 13 ]. Recent research has revealed the role of novel, noncultivable organisms in inducing the disease amidst functional biomes [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the glyA Gene From the Clinical Isolates of Tannerella forsythia

Girija,

Priyadharsini

2024

Cureus

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Background: The glyA gene in Tannerella forsythia is attributed for its virulence by producing the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), which plays a vital role in bacterial cell metabolism. Objectives: The study is thus aimed to determine the frequency of the glyA gene from the clinical strains of T. forsythia isolated from periodontitis patients. Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with varying degrees of periodontitis were included in the study, and the plaque samples collected from them were anaerobically processed by inoculating onto sterile anaerobic blood agar plates using a gaspak system, with incubation at 37°C for 5-7 days. The DNA was extracted from the obtained isolated colony, and PCR was performed to confirm the presence of the glyA gene. Results: In total, 46.6% ( n = 7) of the cases in group III aggressive periodontitis (n = 15) and 6.66% ( n = 1) in group II stage II periodontitis (n = 15) showed the presence of T. forsythia , and among them, 57.14% ( n = 4) showed the presence of the glyA gene. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the glyA gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of T. forsythia and could be thus a novel candidate for the future theragnostic approach to combat periodontitis.

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“…Such membranes should possess certain properties like osteogenic or osteoinductive potential, which aids in bone regeneration. Since periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease, the membrane used to treat periodontal osseous defects is also expected to possess antimicrobial properties to fight against periodontal pathogens [ 19 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteogenic Potential of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Malaiappan,

Harris

2024

Cureus

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Guided bone regeneration (GBR) plays a crucial role in the augmentation of alveolar bone, especially in cases of dental implants. The main principle behind using membranes in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is to prevent epithelial downgrowth as well as connective tissue on the root surface. However, the membranes lack some major properties, such as osteogenic and antimicrobial properties. Magnesium (Mg) is one of the biodegradable materials that is gaining interest because of its favourable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. It also possesses pro-osteogenic properties and significant inhibition of biofilm formation and maturation. These features have attracted increasing interest in using magnesium oxide nanoparticles in GBR membrane applications. This systematic review assesses the osteogenic potential of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in periodontal bone regeneration. The literature search used PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, and Cochrane databases to examine systematic reviews published till March 2023. Seven articles were included based on the selection criteria. We included all in vitro and in vivo clinical studies based on the osteogenic potential of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in periodontal bone regeneration. The seven studies provided evidence that magnesium oxide nanoparticles, when incorporated in any substrate, showed higher osteogenic potential in terms of higher alkaline phosphatase levels, bone volume fraction, and bone mineral density. The optimum concentration of magnesium oxide can be an ideal additive to various substrates to promote bone regeneration. Because most of the studies were conducted on calvarial defects, further studies should focus only on bone regeneration related to periodontal regeneration.

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Microbiological Profile in Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Current Data on Oral Peri-Implant and Periodontal Microbiota and Its Pathological Changes: A Systematic Review

Current Data on Oral Peri-Implant and Periodontal Microbiota and Its Pathological Changes: A Systematic Review

Molecular Characterization of the glyA Gene From the Clinical Isolates of Tannerella forsythia

Osteogenic Potential of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review

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