Microbiological Quality Control for Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs

Shek, William R.; Gaertner, Diane J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50013-2

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Once exposed, a given sentinel rat is most likely to have diagnostic RRV lesions 8–12 weeks after the initial exposure. This period is longer than that required for other types of serologic and molecular testing in rats; seroconversion generally occurs to most agents within 2–3 weeks, 10 preceded by shedding and tissue infection, which can be detected by PCR. Thus, sentinel exposure periods for rats should be extended to be between 6 and 13 weeks, with 8–12 weeks being an optimal exposure duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathology of Naturally Transmitted “Rat Respiratory Virus”: Progression of Lesions and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria

2009

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Rat respiratory virus (RRV) is the working name for a novel respiratory pathogen of laboratory rats in North America, Europe, and Asia. Although the agent has not been definitively identified, evidence supports a viral etiology. Because no serologic or molecular assays for RRV are available, diagnosis depends on histopathologic evaluation of the lung. We introduced 104 Wistar Han rats, free of known pathogens and of RRV-associated lesions, into a rat production colony positive for RRV-type lesions, but free of other histologic, serologic, or microbiologic evidence of infectious disease. Lungs of 8 of the naïve rats were examined grossly and microscopically each week, weeks 0-13. Irregular gray-white lesions suggestive of interstitial pneumonia were grossly evident from weeks 6 through 13. Primary histopathologic evaluation of all lungs by one pathologist found multifocal, lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia or prominent perivascular lymphoid cuffing from weeks 5 through 13. Based on results of the initial evaluation, diagnostic criteria for RRV infection (i.e., changes seen only after exposure to the RRV-positive colony) were tentatively selected and used by 2 other pathologists to classify each lung as RRV positive, RRV equivocal, or RRV negative. The secondary evaluation found 95% concordance in RRV diagnosis between pathologists, and correlated well with the initial evaluation, thus confirming the consistency of the criteria. These data show that RRV-naïve rats introduced into an RRV-endemic colony develop equivocal microscopic lesions of RRV by 5 weeks of exposure, and positive diagnostic lesions by 7 weeks. Interstitial pneumonia becomes grossly evident after 6 weeks of exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recommend that the Brown Norway rat NOT be used for histologic screening for RRV. Nonetheless, the dense lymphoid cuffs of RRV are not seen in the strain-related Brown Norway pneumonia 10.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Histopathology of Naturally Transmitted “Rat Respiratory Virus”: Progression of Lesions and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria

2009

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“…If an incoming agent was enzootic at the source institution, detection may take only a few days with suffi ciently broad testing. Bona fi de quarantine periods generally last at least 3-4 weeks, however, because 2-4 weeks is the commonly accepted time period for micro-organisms to proliferate to levels detectable using serology, bacterial culture or molecular diagnostics ( Rehg and Toth, 1998 ;Shek and Gaertner, 2002 ). Depending upon the agent, inoculum, host age, host genotype and other factors, the development of detectable serum antibodies may be variable, requiring longer quarantine periods -as has been shown in the case with mouse parvovirus ( Besselsen et al ., 2000 ).…”

Section: Sources Of Risk and Principles Of Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quarantine facilities and operations

Huerkamp¹,

Pullium²

2009

Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities

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“…All animals were free of Helicobacter spp., Lawsonia intracellularis, Clostridium piliforme, Sendai virus, pneumonia virus of mice, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, reovirus (1, 2 and 3), mouse adenovirus (1 and 2), and simian virus 5 as determined using a combination of serological and molecular screening techniques (i.e., multiplex fluorescent immunoassay, indirect fluorescent antibody and/or polymerase chain reaction). 19 Our challenge dose (i.e., 5.4 log 10 PFU/ mL) aimed to mimic a moderate-to-high ZIKV exposure. 20 In our first hamster experiment, 24 hamsters, three per group, were inoculated subcutaneously with 5.4 log 10 PFU/mL of ZIKV strain ArD 41525 (N = 12) or CPC-0740 (N = 12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Infection in Syrian Golden Hamsters and Strain 13 Guinea Pigs

Miller

Nasar

Schellhase

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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To evaluate potential immunocompetent small animal models of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, we inoculated Syrian golden hamsters (subcutaneously or intraperitoneally) and strain 13 guinea pigs (intraperitoneally) with Senegalese ZIKV strain ArD 41525 or Philippines ZIKV strain CPC-0740. We did not detect viremia in hamsters inoculated subcutaneously with either virus strain, although some hamsters developed virus neutralizing antibodies. However, we detected statistically significant higher viremias ( = 0.0285) and a higher median neutralization titer ( = 0.0163) in hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally with strain ArD 41525 compared with strain CPC-0740. Furthermore, some hamsters inoculated with strain ArD 41525 displayed mild signs of disease. By contrast, strain 13 guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with either strain did not have detectable viremias and less than half developed virus neutralizing antibodies. Our results support the use of the Syrian golden hamster intraperitoneal model to explore phenotypic variation between ZIKV strains.

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Microbiological Quality Control for Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs

Cited by 8 publications

References 118 publications

Histopathology of Naturally Transmitted “Rat Respiratory Virus”: Progression of Lesions and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria

Histopathology of Naturally Transmitted “Rat Respiratory Virus”: Progression of Lesions and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria

Quarantine facilities and operations

Zika Virus Infection in Syrian Golden Hamsters and Strain 13 Guinea Pigs

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