Microbiological quality of water and dialysate in a haemodialysis unit in Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil

Borges, C.R.M.; Lascowski, K.M.S.; Filho, N.R.; Pelayo, Jacinta Sánchez

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03431.x

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…All Pseudomonas isolates in dialysis water were highly resistant to tetracyclines, which have been the most commonly prescribed antibiotics since the 1950s. The same result is reported by other studies [25, 22]. Tetracycline resistance can be mediated by plasmid-encoding genes such as tet genes, which encode a tetracycline efflux system or protect ribosomes from the action of tetracycline [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevent infection linked to the dialysis water in a hemodialysis center in Fez city (Morocco)

Oumokhtar¹,

Lalami²,

Mahmoud³

et al. 2013

Pan Afr Med J

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BackgroundWater treatment systems are a critical variable in dialysis therapy. Rigorous control of hemodialysis water quality is particularly important in order to guarantee a better quality of life of the hemodialysis patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical, microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from water and dialysate in a public HD center.MethodsFifty five samples of water and dialysate were collected weekly over a period of 4 months. The samples were collected from 4 points in the distribution loop. The microbiological and chemical analyses were performed according to our national standards. Antimicrobial susceptibilities patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by disk diffusion method.ResultsThe chemical and microbiological parameters in all dialysis water and dialysate samples are in accordance with national standards. However, 70 Gram-negative bacteria were identified: Pseudomonas sp, Ochrobactrum antropi and Burkholderia cepacia, isolated at 52.8%, 12.8% and 17% simultaneously. Fourteen per cent of the isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotics. All resistant bacteria belong to the genus of Pseudomonas, 80% were resistant to tetracycline and to co-trimoxazole, 30% to ceftazidime. No colistin and imipenem resistance was observed.ConclusionTo avoid a health risk due to bacterial contamination, an adequate system for water treatment, disinfection of the hemodialysis system and microbiological monitoring of the water and dialysate are necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevent infection linked to the dialysis water in a hemodialysis center in Fez city (Morocco)

Oumokhtar¹,

Lalami²,

Mahmoud³

et al. 2013

Pan Afr Med J

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“…A particular study showed a reduction in the adherence in 500ppm sodium hypochlorite [13]. However, in our study, we did not find any decrease and this may be due to the increased adherence of bacteria as a protective mechanism, to evade the action of chlorine.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

The Bacterial Biofilms in Dialysis Water Systems and the Effect of the Sub Inhibitory Concentrations of Chlorine on Them

Suman

Varghese²,

Joseph³

et al. 2013

JCDR

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Introduction: The presence of bacteria in the form of biofilms poses a problem in the fluid pathways of haemodialysis plants and procedures which are aimed to detach and neutralize biofilms are necessary to improve the patient safety and the quality of the healthcare.The present study was therefore aimed at isolating the organisms which colonized dialysis water systems as biofilms, as well as to study the effect of the sub inhibitory concentrations of chlorine on the biofilms which were produced by these isolates.Methods: Swabs were used to collect the biofilms which were produced on the internal surface of the dialysis tubing from the dialysis units. This study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Mangalore, India. The cultures were performed on MacConkey's agar and blood agar. The organisms which were isolated were identified and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed. The biofilm production was done by the microtitre plate method of O'Toole and Kolter. The biofilm production was also studied in the presence of sub inhibitory concentrations of chlorine.Results: Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the two predominant organisms which colonized the dialysis water systems as biofilms. The sub inhibitory concentrations of chlorine did not bring about any decrease in the biofilm production by the isolates. On the contrary, there was an increase in the biofilm production. Conclusion:Our study highlighted the importance of using appropriate methods to improve the quality of the water in dialysis units. This in turn, may help in reducing the biofilm formation in the water systems of dialysis units and thus, contribute to the prevention of hospital acquired infections in the patients who need haemodialysis.

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“…Studies show that approximately 90% of the bacteria isolated in hemodialysis water are Gramnegative. This bacteria multiplies rapidly, reaching concentrations greater than 10 5 CFU/ml in less than 24 hours (Borges et al, 2007). Research has identified that the main microorganisms isolated in hospitals are Staplylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas sp, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improper maintenance of hemodialysis water systems and reprocessing of dialyzers may result in reactions in hemodialysis patients (Borges et al, 2007). The quality of dialysis fluids depends on complex systems with devices and procedures that allow for effective treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of ozonated water in the reprocessing of blood dialyzers

Canada

Abelan

Zângaro

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Eng. Bioméd.

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Introduction: Ozone is a potent antibacterial agent. Because ozone oxidizes organic material, it directly attacks microorganisms resulting in safe, fast and economical sterilization at low temperatures. This study evaluated the effi cacy of ozonated water in the reprocessing of dialyzers obtained from a hemodialysis service in São José do Rio Preto. Methods: A total of 23 blood dialyzers were collected at the conclusion of the morning hemodialysis shift. The equipment was collected after the maximum number of reuses, with the last disinfection performed with purifi ed water (obtained by reverse osmosis and subsequent reverse ultrafi ltration). The number and species of microorganisms in the dialyzers were evaluated before and after treatment with ozonated water. The ozonation of sterile deionized water was achieved by direct contact between the water and the ozone generating equipment. Results: The mean number of microorganisms before sterilization was 1,47.10 9 colony forming units per ml (CFU/ml). After treatment with ozonated water, the number of microorganisms was 4,80.10 1 CFU/ml. Conclusion: Ozonated water is an effective decontaminant for most blood dialyzers.

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Microbiological quality of water and dialysate in a haemodialysis unit in Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Prevent infection linked to the dialysis water in a hemodialysis center in Fez city (Morocco)

Prevent infection linked to the dialysis water in a hemodialysis center in Fez city (Morocco)

The Bacterial Biofilms in Dialysis Water Systems and the Effect of the Sub Inhibitory Concentrations of Chlorine on Them

Effectiveness of ozonated water in the reprocessing of blood dialyzers

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