Microbiological Safety

Reitman, Morton; Wedum, Arnold G.

doi:10.2307/4589492

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Leaking or broken centrifuge tubes release infectious particles (98,176). Enclosing the centrifuge tubes in safety centrifuge cups eliminated aerosols created by broken centrifuge tubes, as the generated aerosols were contained within the safety cups (177). A symposium (136) assessed centrifuge biohazards, examined bench-top centrifuges, zonal centrifuges, and ultracentrifuges, and described numerous procedures to eliminate hazards.…”

Section: Laboratory-acquired Infections Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, six slit-type air samplers (224) (44,172) and fungal (105) hazards, cross-infection experiments (106,109), and simulated accidents in the laboratory (12,98) have been reported in scientific journals. Numerous comprehensive reviews on the hazards in the laboratory have been published in journals (32,175,177,195,216), as chapters in books (3,15,33), as government studies or guidelines (136,156,160), and as entire books dealing solely with laboratory safety (36,61,132,143 (218). A vacuum pump drew air through a cotton filter into the chamber, maintained negative air pressure in the chamber, and exhausted the air through a flask containing a disinfectant.…”

Section: Laboratory-acquired Infections Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological safety cabinetry

Kruse¹,

Puckett²,

Richardson³

1991

Clin Microbiol Rev

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The biological safety cabinet is the one piece of laboratory and pharmacy equipment that provides protection for personnel, the product, and the environment. Through the history of laboratory-acquired infections from the earliest published case to the emergence of hepatitis B and AIDS, the need for health care worker protection is described. A brief description with design, construction, function, and production capabilities is provided for class I and class III safety cabinets. The development of the high-efficiency particulate air filter provided the impetus for clean room technology, from which evolved the class II laminar flow biological safety cabinet. The clean room concept was advanced when the horizontal airflow clean bench was manufactured; it became popular in pharmacies for preparing intravenous solutions because the product was protected. However, as with infectious microorganisms and laboratory workers, individual sensitization to antibiotics and the advent of hazardous antineoplastic agents changed the thinking of pharmacists and nurses, and they began to use the class II safety cabinet to prevent adverse personnel reactions to the drugs. How the class II safety cabinet became the mainstay in laboratories and pharmacies is described, and insight is provided into the formulation of National Sanitation Foundation standard number 49 and its revisions. The working operations of a class II cabinet are described, as are the variations of the four types with regard to design, function, air velocity profiles, and the use of toxins. The main certification procedures are explained, with examples of improper or incorrect certifications. The required levels of containment for microorganisms are given. Instructions for decontaminating the class II biological safety cabinet of infectious agents are provided; unfortunately, there is no method for decontaminating the cabinet of antineoplastic agents.

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Section: Laboratory-acquired Infections Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory-acquired Infections Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological safety cabinetry

Kruse¹,

Puckett²,

Richardson³

1991

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…Fewer would be required for the unwashed beard. Review of the number of S. marcescens organisms recovered by air sampling during simulation of various routine microbiological techniques (16) Results of studies with the bearded mannequin, sprayed with NDV and tested with chickens, or sprayed with type A botulinum toxin and tested with guinea pigs, were unexpected because of the large amount of test agent that had to be sprayed on the beard before contact with the washed beard would cause disease in the chickens or guinea pigs. However, the potential for human infection is illustrated by the two chickens that contracted Newcastle disease after contact with one-third of a washed beard sprayed 30 min before with 104-ELD5o(31,620 ELD50); in other words, each chicken was in contact with a bearded area sprayed with only 10,540 ELD5o before washing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Laboratory Hazard of Bearded Men

Barbeito¹,

Mathews²,

Taylor³

1967

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“…Courtesy of Gillian Norton, CRSP, Rl?P, Biosafety Officer, University of Western Ontario 1952; Johansson & Ferris, 1946;Reitman et al, 1954;Reitman & Wedum, 1956). The "tracer" organism used in these studies has usually been a distinctive bacterium, occasionally a chemical substance.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…These have in' eluded centrifugation (Reitman & Wedum, 1956;Rut, ter & Evans, 1972;Whitwell et al, 1957), use of AutoAnalyzer equipment (Rutter & Evans, 1972), opening screw-capped bottles (Tomlinson, 1957), and various bacterial culture techniques (Andersen et al,…”

Section: The Enterics Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk Assessment for Enteric Pathogens in the Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory

Kupskay

2002

Appl Biosaf.

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There is some general confusion regarding when to use a biological safety cabinet (BSC) to minimize risk from aerosol formation in Biosafety Level 2 (BSL,2) laboratories that handle enteric pathogens. A risk as, sessment was conducted to determine the risk involved in performing some sta11dard microbiological manipula, tions. Although enteric organisms are not known to be infectious via inhalation, it was felt ingestion of droplets deposited around the work area may cause laboratory, acquired infection. Manipulations of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli 0157, and other E. coli have resulted in laboratory,acquired infection due to improper laboratory technique. Routine procedures, for example opening screw,capped bottles and wet petri dish covers, improper use of needle and septum, streak, ing plates, pipetting, slide agglutination, and micro'; scopic preparations, were found to have potential to cause aerosol formation. Proper microbiological tech:-nique in combination with primary containment devices (e.g., biological safety cabinets) has been found to reduce the risk of laboratory,acquired infections when working with enteric pathogens. Laboratory workers must ensure that they use any means available to mini, mize these risks.

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Microbiological Safety

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

Biological safety cabinetry

Biological safety cabinetry

Microbiological Laboratory Hazard of Bearded Men

Risk Assessment for Enteric Pathogens in the Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory

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