Microbiological survey of imported produce available at retail across Canada

Allen, Kevin; Kovačević, Jovana; Cancarevic, Ana; Wood, Jayde; Xu, Jieqing; Gill, Beant S.; Allen, Jennifer K.; Mesak, Lili Rosana

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.01.010

Cited by 41 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The absence of Salmonella spp. and pathogenic E. coli in the end product is in accordance with previous reports carried out in RTE salads in different countries such as Spain (Soriano, Rico, Molt o, & Mañes, 2000), Ireland (McMahon & Wilson, 2001), the UK (Sagoo, Little, & Mitchell, 2001), Norway (Johannessen, Loncarevic, & Kruse, 2002;Loncarevic, Johannessen, & Rorvik, 2005), Mexico (Johnston et al, 2005(Johnston et al, , 2006, Canada (Allen et al, 2013;Bohaychuk et al, 2009) Administration performed a large produce survey (7646 samples) in retail markets and distribution centres finding that only 0.04% of samples tested positive for Salmonella spp., with no detection of E. coli O157:H7 (FDA, 2006). The situation is different in developing countries such as India that reported a prevalence of 33.3% in salad samples (Viswanathan & Kaur, 2001) and prevalence of 37% on produce in Egypt (Uyttendaele, Abdel-Moneim, Ceuppens, & El Tahan, 2014).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Identification of sampling points suitable for the detection of microbial contamination in fresh-cut processing lines

et al. 2016

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Identification of sampling points suitable for the detection of microbial contamination in fresh-cut processing lines

et al. 2016

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“…[1,14,17], Listeria monocytogenes [1,17,18,19], thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. [20,21], parasitic and viral pathogens capable of causing human illness and a number of reports refer to raw vegetables and fruits harbouring potential foodborne pathogens [3,13,16,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Quality of Fresh Vegetables and Fruits Collected from Supermarkets in Istanbul, Turkey

Büyükünal¹,

Issa²,

Aksu³

et al. 2015

JFNS

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Abstract:Two hundred sixty one samples, collected from supermarkets in Istanbul, Turkey. All samples were analysed for aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (AMC), aerobic psychrotrophic bacterial counts (APC), enumeration of yeasts and moulds (YM), coliforms, Escherichia coli and detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. AMC ranged from 2.95 to 3.75 log 10 CFU/g. APC ranged from 0 to 3.55 log 10 CFU/g. The highest counts of coliforms were found in carrot, spinach, green leaf lettuce, cos lettuce and iceberg lettuce. The highest counts of YM were found in tomato, spinach, green leaf lettuce, cos lettuce and iceberg lettuce. Green leaf lettuces, cos lettuces, iceberg lettuces, spinach and carrot were highly contaminated with aerobic mesophilic (3.6 log 10 CFU/g), psychrotrophic microorganisms (3.4 log 10 CFU/g), and showed a high incidence of E.coli (41.77% of samples). Of the samples analysed, 10 (3.83%) were Salmonella spp. positive and 17 (6.51%) were thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. positive. None of the samples was positive for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Fresh vegetables and fruits, sold in Istanbul, Turkey, are needed to control foodborne pathogens especially Salmonellosis and Campylobacteriosis.

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“…Moreover, the results indicated a borderline significant protective effect of the certified organic versus noncertified organic farming on the probability of contamination (OR ϭ 0.01; P ϭ 0.066) ( Table 4). These results further stimulate the contro- versy about the effect of organic farm practices on microbial contamination of produce at preharvest (5,12,(18)(19)(20). For example, several studies showed a higher E. coli prevalence on organic produce compared to conventionally grown produce (5,20), but others have not identified significant differences between the two farming types (12,18,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These results further stimulate the contro- versy about the effect of organic farm practices on microbial contamination of produce at preharvest (5,12,(18)(19)(20). For example, several studies showed a higher E. coli prevalence on organic produce compared to conventionally grown produce (5,20), but others have not identified significant differences between the two farming types (12,18,19). Similarly, published studies (19,20) have showed inconsistent results about the effect of organic practices on E. coli count on produce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Although numerous studies have evaluated farm-related factors influencing the microbial contamination of produce (5,6,(11)(12)(13)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), only a limited number of studies (16,17,23) examined the bacterial count on produce as affected by risk factors other than the farming type (e.g., organic or conventional farm) (5,12,(18)(19)(20). Surprisingly, to our knowledge, no study has systematically assessed the impact of farm-related factors, including management practices, environment, landscape, and weather factors, on the bacterial count on produce.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multifactorial Effects of Ambient Temperature, Precipitation, Farm Management, and Environmental Factors Determine the Level of Generic Escherichia coli Contamination on Preharvested Spinach

Park

Navratil

Gregory³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to identify farm management, environment, weather, and landscape factors that predict the count of generic Escherichia coli on spinach at the preharvest level. E. coli was enumerated for 955 spinach samples collected on 12 farms in Texas and Colorado between 2010 and 2012. Farm management and environmental characteristics were surveyed using a questionnaire. Weather and landscape data were obtained from National Resources Information databases. A two-part mixed-effect negative binomial hurdle model, consisting of a logistic and zero-truncated negative binomial part with farm and date as random effects, was used to identify factors affecting E. coli counts on spinach. Results indicated that the odds of a contamination event (non-zero versus zero counts) vary by state (odds ratio [OR] ‫؍‬ 108.1). Odds of contamination decreased with implementation of hygiene practices (OR ‫؍‬ 0.06) and increased with an increasing average precipitation amount (mm) in the past 29 days (OR ‫؍‬ 3.5) and the application of manure (OR ‫؍‬ 52.2). On contaminated spinach, E. coli counts increased with the average precipitation amount over the past 29 days. The relationship between E. coli count and the average maximum daily temperature over the 9 days prior to sampling followed a quadratic function with the highest bacterial count at around 24°C. These findings indicate that the odds of a contamination event in spinach are determined by farm management, environment, and weather factors. However, once the contamination event has occurred, the count of E. coli on spinach is determined by weather only. Foodborne disease outbreaks associated with produce impose a considerable public health burden (1). Among different produce commodities, leafy green vegetables have been identified as a group of high concern from a microbiological safety perspective due to their being implicated in multiple outbreaks of foodborne disease with high numbers of illnesses worldwide (2). Indeed, leafy green vegetables are commonly grown in open farm fields, where they may be exposed to microbial contamination from soil, manure fertilizer, irrigation water, and intrusions of wild or domestic animals, and they are likely to be consumed fresh or minimally processed. Enteric foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7, have been the main causative agents responsible for foodborne outbreaks associated with leafy green vegetables in the United States (3). These pathogens are spread in the environment through feces of infected animals and humans (4). While contamination of leafy greens with these foodborne pathogens has major consequences (2), fortunately it occurs at a low frequency (5, 6). The low frequency and heterogeneous distribution of these pathogens in the produce field make their detection difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Instead indicator organisms are routinely used by the industry, environmental agencies, and public health organizations to verify effective implementation of good ag...

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Microbiological survey of imported produce available at retail across Canada

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Identification of sampling points suitable for the detection of microbial contamination in fresh-cut processing lines

Identification of sampling points suitable for the detection of microbial contamination in fresh-cut processing lines

Microbiological Quality of Fresh Vegetables and Fruits Collected from Supermarkets in Istanbul, Turkey

Multifactorial Effects of Ambient Temperature, Precipitation, Farm Management, and Environmental Factors Determine the Level of Generic Escherichia coli Contamination on Preharvested Spinach

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