Microbiological Synthesis of Carotenoids: Pathways and Regulation

Córdova, Pamela; Baeza, Marcelo; Cifuentes, Víctor; JenniferAlcaíno,

doi:10.5772/intechopen.78343

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…As precursors of most terpenoids, apolar polyisoprenoids are present in all three domains of life. Squalene, formed by six terpenes subunits, is the precursor of steroland hopanoid derivatives [141,142,143], while lycopene, composed of eight terpenes subunits, is the precursor of carotenoids [144]. Although Archaea may lack some or all of these final products, apolar polyisoprenoids are broadly distributed in this domain [145], among which squalene is the most frequently found compound.…”

Section: Apolar Polyisoprenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea

Salvador-Castell

Tourte

Oger

2019

IJMS

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Membrane regulators such as sterols and hopanoids play a major role in the physiological and physicochemical adaptation of the different plasmic membranes in Eukarya and Bacteria. They are key to the functionalization and the spatialization of the membrane, and therefore indispensable for the cell cycle. No archaeon has been found to be able to synthesize sterols or hopanoids to date. They also lack homologs of the genes responsible for the synthesis of these membrane regulators. Due to their divergent membrane lipid composition, the question whether archaea require membrane regulators, and if so, what is their nature, remains open. In this review, we review evidence for the existence of membrane regulators in Archaea, and propose tentative location and biological functions. It is likely that no membrane regulator is shared by all archaea, but that they may use different polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, polyprenols, quinones and apolar polyisoprenoids, in response to specific stressors or physiological needs.

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Section: Apolar Polyisoprenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea

Salvador-Castell

Tourte

Oger

2019

IJMS

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“…Carotenoids obtained from plant extractions have environmental and geographic limitations and are relatively costly to purchase [ 63 ]. Microbial synthesis of carotenoids is increasingly preferable because of their sustainable nature, viable options for low substrate costs, simplicity of production, and monitoring of practices and applications [ 10 , 64 ].…”

Section: Microbial Fermentation For Commercial Production Of C ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Potential and Capacity of Microorganism-Sourced C30 Carotenoids—A Review

2022

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Carotenoids are lipophilic tetraterpenoid pigments produced by plants, algae, arthropods, and certain bacteria and fungi. These biologically active compounds are used in the food, feed, and nutraceutical industries for their coloring and the physiological benefits imparted by their antioxidant properties. The current global carotenoid market is dominated by synthetic carotenoids; however, the rising consumer demand for natural products has led to increasing research and development in the mass production of carotenoids from alternative natural sources, including microbial synthesis and plant extraction, which holds a significant market share. To date, microbial research has focused on C40 carotenoids, but studies have shown that C30 carotenoids contain similar—and in some microbial strains, greater—antioxidant activity in both the physical and chemical quenching of reactive oxygen species. The discovery of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in different microorganisms and advances in metabolic engineering are driving the discovery of novel C30 carotenoid compounds. This review highlights the C30 carotenoids from microbial sources, showcasing their antioxidant properties and the technologies emerging for their enhanced production. Industrial applications and tactics, as well as biotechnological strategies for their optimized synthesis, are also discussed.

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“…Enhanced pigmentation was observed in common carp fed with microalgal biomass such as Chlorella vulgaris and plant resources such as carrot peel 160,161 . Skin colour can change over time depending on the amount of carotenoids in the diet; therefore, bright coloration requires a continuous investment and may have negative effects on the environment if synthetic carotenoids are used 162,163 . Because of this, there is a high demand for developing fish individuals with heritable coloration, and understanding the genetics of fish coloration will facilitate sustainable development and increase the economic benefits of common carp.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Economically Important Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common carp have evolved many variations in skin colour as a result of both natural and artificial selection, including the reddish Chlorella vulgaris and plant resources such as carrot peel 160,161. Skin colour can change over time depending on the amount of carotenoids in the diet; therefore, bright coloration requires a continuous investment and may have negative effects on the environment if synthetic carotenoids are used 162,163. Because of this, there is a high demand for developing fish individuals with her-…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research advances and future perspectives of genomics and genetic improvement in allotetraploid common carp

Chen

Sun

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Aquatic species have become an integral part of human culture. As an internationally important food fish species, the common carp Cyprinus carpio accounted for over 7% of global aquaculture production in 2020. In addition to serving as a food source, common carp varieties are used as ornamental fish and valued in recreational fisheries. The continuously updated reference genome of common carp has recently served as a foundation for both basic genetic studies and evolutionary studies. With the recent emphasis on the allotetraploid signature of common carp, researchers have begun to focus on how hybridization and polyploidization affect the successful speciation and advantageous behaviour of common carp. In this review, we survey current and emerging research topics on common carp, including genomic and genetic tools, germplasm resources, genetic diversity, genetic mechanism and improvement of economic traits, as well as multiple breeding technologies employed in common carp. We also provide an overview of recent trends in genetic studies and improvements in common carp and encourage researchers to monitor the allotetraploid signature of common carp. Understanding the genetic basis of economically important traits and the mechanisms of allopolyploidization in common carp will be important for genetic improvement and germplasm innovation in agronomically important fish species, although the road ahead will be challenging for this widely domesticated allotetraploid species.

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Microbiological Synthesis of Carotenoids: Pathways and Regulation

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea

In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea

Antioxidant Potential and Capacity of Microorganism-Sourced C30 Carotenoids—A Review

Research advances and future perspectives of genomics and genetic improvement in allotetraploid common carp

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