Microbiology of laboratory-hatched brine shrimp (Artemia)

Austin, Brian; Allen, D. A.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90170-3

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Contrary to helminth parasites, which are not present in dormant brine-shrimp eggs ("cysts", i.e. the life-cycle stage in which A. franciscana was introduced), several bacteria, viruses and fungi (mainly microsporidia) have been identified in Artemia cysts and nauplii from the field and from commercial samples (Austin and Allen 1982;Igarashi et al 1989). Microsporidia in particular can be highly prevalent in invasive populations of A. franciscana (Rode et al 2013) and provoke high levels of mortality in native Artemia populations (personal observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

Georgiev

Angelov

Vasileva

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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One of the best examples of rapid displacement of native species by an invader is the eradication of native Artemia salina and A. parthenogenetica in the Mediterranean by the introduced American A. franciscana. Previous studies based on sampling from limited time periods suggest that the success of the American species as a competitor may be due partly to different parasite burden, since native Artemia spp. have high cestode infection rates regulating their density. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the helminth infection in A. franciscana in its invasive range is low throughout its annual life cycle. Samples of A. franciscana were collected every second month from La Tapa saltern (Andalusia) during one year. Five helminth species were recorded: cestodes Flamingolepis liguloides, F. flamingo, Gynandrotaenia stammeri (all flamingo parasites), Eurycestus avoceti (a shorebird parasite) and larval spirurids of the Acuariinae (the first record of nematodes in Artemia). The overall infection rate was low, with total prevalence 5.9% and prevalence of individual parasite species between 0.2 and 3.2%. The mean abundance of helminths was 0.005-0.155 (av. 0.068), 5-13 times lower than in native congeners. Waterbird counts indicate that the low infection rates cannot be explained by lack of definitive hosts. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that helminths have no regulating effect on the invasive brine shrimp in the Mediterranean. The replacement of the native populations by the invader can be partially explained by a competition mediated by parasites/predators through a differential impact on host fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

Georgiev

Angelov

Vasileva

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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“…Activities of invertebrates, such as bioturbation or production of bacteriocidal substances, may enhance or inhibit growth of microorganisms [4,6,26,145,210], while microbes have been reported to inhibit the activities of invertebrates, e.g., as active parasites or pathogens [1,13,19,31,32,47,65,69,70,78,94,99,154,200]. In some instances, the relationships between microbes and invertebrates are of commercial significance, as when they result in spoilage of shellfish and the risk of illness for the human consumer [5,9,17,36,45,56,63,76,78,82,103,104,105,117,126,185,204].…”

Section: Microbe-invertebrate Interactions In the Aquatic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These survivors may simply traverse the length of the gut to be passed out unscathed with the feces (6), they may be adversely affected in the posterior regions of the gut, or they may proliferate in some region of the gut (incubation) (7), sometimes attaching to the gut wall (epimural transients) (8). This bacterial production, or products thereof, may be subsequently utilized by the host (9) or it may be passed out of the gut with the fecal pellets (6). Resident bacteria (symbionts or commensals), which form permanent, relatively stable populations, may inhabit pouches or crevices in the gut (10), they may colonize the gut contents, or they may be epimural and attached (11).…”

Section: Types Of Associations Between Aquatic Invertebrates and Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence, nature, and role of gut microflora in aquatic invertebrates: A synthesis

1993

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This review of the literature concerns the gut microbiota of aquatic invertebrates and highlights the questions and processes that merit attention if an understanding of the role of gut microbes in the physiology of host invertebrates and nutrient dynamics of aquatic systems is to be gained. A substantial number of studies report the presence of gut microbes in aquatic invertebrates. Crustacea, Mollusca, and Echinodermata have received the most attention, with few studies involving other invertebrate groups. Different types of associations (e.g., ingestion, contribution of exoenzymes, incubation, parasitism) are reported to occur between gut microbes and aquatic invertebrates, and it is clear that gut bacterial communities cannot be treated as single functional entities, but that individual populations require examination. In addition, gut microbes may be either ingested transients or residents, the presence of which have different implications for the invertebrate. The most commonly reported genera of gut bacteria are Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, and Aeromonas. Quite a number of authors report the physiological properties of gut microbes (including enzyme activities and attributes such as nitrogen fixation), while less attention has been given to consideration of the colonization sites within the digestive tract, the density and turnover of gut bacteria, and the factors affecting the presence and nature of gut microflora. In addition, although a few studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between invertebrates and their gut microbiota, particularly with regard to nutrient gain by the invertebrate, very little conclusive evidence exists as to the role of bacteria in the physiology of host invertebrates. This has resulted from a lack of process-oriented studies. The findings for aquatic gut microbes are compared to those of gut bacteria associated with terrestrial invertebrates, where gut microbes contribute significantly to nutrient gain by the host in some environments.

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“…The antibacterial effect may be due to production of antibiotics (Williams & Vickers 1986), bacteriocins (Vandenbergh 1993), hydrogen peroxide, or alteration of pH by producing organic acids (Sugita et al 1997). In aquaculture, Micrococcus has been documented by Austin & Allen (1982) and Prieto et al (1987) in dehydrated Artemia salina cysts, cyst-hatching water and A. salina nauplii. Irianto & Austin (2002a) investigated the probiotic effect of a Gram-positive cocci (A1-6) to control furunculosis in rainbow trout, which apparently was M. luteus (Irianto & Austin, 2002b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A marine bacterium, Micrococcus MCCB 104, antagonistic to vibrios in prawn larval rearing systems

Jayaprakash¹,

Pai²,

Anas³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Microbiology of laboratory-hatched brine shrimp (Artemia)

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

The presence, nature, and role of gut microflora in aquatic invertebrates: A synthesis

A marine bacterium, Micrococcus MCCB 104, antagonistic to vibrios in prawn larval rearing systems

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