Microbiology of otitis externa in the secondary care in United Kingdom and antimicrobial sensitivity

Ninkovic, G.; Dullo, V.; Saunders, Nick

doi:10.1016/j.anl.2007.09.013

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As shown in TABLE 5, 16 studies that investigated the activity of chloramphenicol against P. aeruginosa met our research criteria, with a mean susceptibility rate of 13% [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116]. Eighty-seven percent of the studies were performed in developed countries.…”

Section: Pseudomonas Aeruginosamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agar dilution 23% meropenem-R 14 [108] 2008 UK 52 BSAC-DD -0 [109] 2009 India 20 KB -0 [110] 2009 Malaysia 48 KB 69% MDR (R ‡2 ATB) 40 [111] 2009 Australia 14 --0 [112] 2009 Brazil 10 KB -30 [113] 2010 India 25 -100% MBL 32 [114] 2011 Nigeria 15 KB -20 [115] 2012 China 14 --0 Antagonism [122] Inhibition of early (6 h) and late (20 h) bactericidal activity of ampicillin by chloramphenicol Ampicillin -21 enteric organisms, including Salmonella spp. and other Gram-negative bacilli…”

Section: Expert Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Čivljak

Giannella

Bella

et al. 2014

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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The widespread use of antibiotics has been associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria. 'ESKAPE' (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acintobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens play a major role in the rapidly changing scenario of antimicrobial resistance in the 21st century. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic that was abandoned in developed countries due to its association with fatal aplastic anemia. However, it is still widely used in the developing world. In light of the emerging problem of multi-drug resistant pathogens, its role should be reassessed. Our paper reviews in vitro data on the activity of chloramphenicol against ESKAPE pathogens. Susceptibility patterns for Gram-positives were good, although less favorable for Gram-negatives. However, in combination with colistin, chloramphenicol was found to have synergistic activity. The risk-benefit related to chloramphenicol toxicity has not been analyzed. Therefore, extra precautions should be taken when prescribing this agent.

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Section: Pseudomonas Aeruginosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expert Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Čivljak

Giannella

Bella

et al. 2014

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…In contrast, the most common organisms isolated in studies of OE presenting to secondary care are Pseudomonas aeruginosa (38-45%), S. aureus (8-38%) and moulds and yeasts (2-14%). [13][14][15] Coagulase-negative staphylococci (7%), anaerobes (6%), β-haemolytic streptococci (3%), coliforms (2%) and MRSA (<1%) are reported much less frequently. These figures are comparable with findings from the laboratory audit of reporting to primary care and indicate that the reporting experience of the microbiologists involved in developing this guidance is similar to that found in formal prevalence studies (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus is commonly cultured in OE, [13][14][15][16] and frequently found in combination with group A β-haemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes); 17 both of which cause significant illness. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading pathogen in otitis media, pneumonia and meningitis.…”

Section: Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consensus of microbiology reporting of ear swab results to primary care clinicians in patients with otitis externa

Geyer

Howell-Jones

McNulty

et al. 2011

British Journal of Biomedical Science

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Otitis externa is a ubiquitous inflammatory disease; although it arises most commonly from an infection, there is no consensus in the UK for the reporting of ear swab culture results. This study aims to review current microbiology laboratory reporting of ear swab specimens to primary care and reach an evidence-based consensus for a reporting policy. Fifty consecutive ear swab reports were reviewed from each of 12 laboratories in the South West region to determine and discuss reporting practice. The Health Protection Agency (HPA) GP Microbiology Laboratory Use Group reviewed the underlying evidence and worked towards a consensus of expert microbiology opinion for laboratory reporting of ear swab results using a modified version of the Delphi technique. A total of 487 reports from primary care were reviewed (54% female; 46% male). Cultures most commonly yielded Pseudomonas species (36%), Staphylococcus species (21%), Streptococcus species (15%) and fungi (11%). Five reporting policies were agreed: Policy 1: Common pathogens such as group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus - Always reported by name with antibiotic susceptibilities. Policy 2: Pseudomonas species - Always reported, but antibiotic susceptibilities only reported in severe disease. Policy 3: Aspergillus, Candida, coliforms and Proteus species, as well as non-group A streptococci and anaerobes - Only reported if moderate numbers of colonies and it is the predominant organism present; if appropriate report antibiotic susceptibilities. Policy 4: Coagulase-negative staphylococci, diphtheroids and enterococci - Not reported by name; generic terms used and antibiotic susceptibilities not reported. Policy 5: When antibiotic susceptibilities reported these must include susceptibility to a topical antibiotic. It is suggested that laboratories should consider adopting this evidence-based reporting consensus for ear swab culture results from primary care patients with otitis externa.

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The shelf life of antimicrobial ear drops

Clark¹,

Pangilinan²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

The Laryngoscope

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There appears to be no evidence that antimicrobial ear drops containing either gentamicin or ciprofloxacin lose their efficacy against either S. aureus or P. aeruginosa over at least 4 months from opening, or that the bottle contents become contaminated after use in patients with culture-positive otorrhea. It is likely these findings apply to other antimicrobial drops and for other organisms. This allows us to advise patients to keep unfinished drops for potential future use with beneficial economic implications.

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Microbiology of otitis externa in the secondary care in United Kingdom and antimicrobial sensitivity

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? A review ofin vitrodata in the literature from the 21st century

Consensus of microbiology reporting of ear swab results to primary care clinicians in patients with otitis externa

The shelf life of antimicrobial ear drops

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