Microbiology of Seamounts: Common Patterns Observed in Community Structure

Emerson, David; Moyer, Craig L.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.67

Cited by 80 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The importance of FeOB in marine environments has been recently recognized. The twisted stalk morphology has been observed in mats or precipitates at deep-sea hydrothermal environments such as seamounts 54 or spreading centres [55][56][57] and in shallow hydrothermal ferruginous sediments 58,59 . Although the twisted stalks are formed at relatively low temperatures, our results show that they will be potentially preserved even if T-P conditions change over time, for example, because of a change in the local hydrothermal regime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

et al. 2015

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Twisted stalks are organo-mineral structures produced by some microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria at O 2 concentrations as low as 3 mM. The presence of these structures in rocks having experienced a diagenetic history could indicate microbial Fe(II)-oxidizing activity as well as localized abundance of oxygen at the time of sediment deposition. Here we use spectroscopy and analytical microscopy to evaluate if-and what kind of-transformations occur in twisted stalks through experimental diagenesis. Unique mineral textures appear on stalks as temperature and pressure conditions increase. Haematite and magnetite form from ferrihydrite at 170°C-120 MPa. Yet the twisted morphology of the stalks, and the organic matrix, mainly composed of long-chain saturated aliphatic compounds, are preserved at 250°C-140 MPa. Our results suggest that iron minerals might play a role in maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of stalks under diagenetic conditions and provide spectroscopic signatures for the search of ancient life in the rock record.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

et al. 2015

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“…To date, the Zetaproteobacteria have only been identified in habitats with high ferrous iron concentrations. Within this context, they have been detected in a wide range of environments from hydrothermal vent sites, such as Loihi Seamount, where they can dominate the microbial community (Rassa et al, 2009;Emerson and Moyer, 2010;McAllister et al, 2011;Fleming et al, 2013), to coastal environments, where they may be involved in biocorrosion of steel structures such as ships and pilings (Dang et al, 2011;McBeth et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into the uncultivated marine Zetaproteobacteria at Loihi Seamount

et al. 2014

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The Zetaproteobacteria are a candidate class of marine iron-oxidizing bacteria that are typically found in high iron environments such as hydrothermal vent sites. As much remains unknown about these organisms due to difficulties in cultivation, single-cell genomics was used to learn more about this elusive group at Loihi Seamount. Comparative genomics of 23 phylogenetically diverse single amplified genomes (SAGs) and two isolates indicate niche specialization among the Zetaproteobacteria may be largely due to oxygen tolerance and nitrogen transformation capabilities. Only Form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) genes were found in the SAGs, suggesting that some of the uncultivated Zetaproteobacteria may be adapted to low oxygen and/or high carbon dioxide concentrations. There is also genomic evidence of oxygen-tolerant cytochrome c oxidases and oxidative stress-related genes, indicating that others may be exposed to higher oxygen conditions. The Zetaproteobacteria also have the genomic potential for acquiring nitrogen from numerous sources including ammonium, nitrate, organic compounds, and nitrogen gas. Two types of molybdopterin oxidoreductase genes were found in the SAGs, indicating that those found in the isolates, thought to be involved in iron oxidation, are not consistent among all the Zetaproteobacteria. However, a novel cluster of redox-related genes was found to be conserved in 10 SAGs as well as in the isolates warranting further investigation. These results were used to isolate a novel iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria. Physiological studies and genomic analysis of this isolate were able to support many of the findings from SAG analyses demonstrating the value of these data for designing future enrichment strategies.

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“…In marine habitats, such conditions are known to exist in association with hydrothermal vents, and to date, almost all reports of marine FeOB have been associated with venting, primarily at volcanic seamounts in the deep ocean (5,7,13,15,17,21). Cultivation-independent studies have established that a novel candidate class of Proteobacteria, the "Zetaproteobacteria," tend to be dominant in the iron oxide-rich microbial mats that form at such sites (12). Concurrently, the isolation of a novel FeOB belonging to the Zetaproteobacteria, Mariprofundus ferrooxydans, from an iron mat at Loihi Seamount, provided phylogenetic confirmation of the uniqueness of Zetaproteobacteria (13).…”

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Neutrophilic Iron-Oxidizing “ Zetaproteobacteria ” and Mild Steel Corrosion in Nearshore Marine Environments

McBeth

Little

Ray

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of mild steel in seawater is an expensive and enduring problem. Little attention has been paid to the role of neutrophilic, lithotrophic, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) in MIC. The goal of this study was to determine if marine FeOB related to Mariprofundus are involved in this process. To examine this, field incubations and laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted. Mild steel samples incubated in nearshore environments were colonized by marine FeOB, as evidenced by the presence of helical iron-encrusted stalks diagnostic of the FeOB Mariprofundus ferrooxydans, a member of the candidate class "Zetaproteobacteria." Furthermore, Mariprofundus-like cells were enriched from MIC biofilms. The presence of Zetaproteobacteria was confirmed using a Zetaproteobacteria-specific small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene primer set to amplify sequences related to M. ferrooxydans from both enrichments and in situ samples of MIC biofilms. Temporal in situ incubation studies showed a qualitative increase in stalk distribution on mild steel, suggesting progressive colonization by stalk-forming FeOB. We also isolated a novel FeOB, designated Mariprofundus sp. strain GSB2, from an iron oxide mat in a salt marsh. Strain GSB2 enhanced uniform corrosion from mild steel in laboratory microcosm experiments conducted over 4 days. Iron concentrations (including precipitates) in the medium were used as a measure of corrosion. The corrosion in biotic samples (7.4 ؎ 0.1 mM) was significantly higher than that in abiotic controls (5.0 ؎ 0.1 mM). These results have important implications for the role of FeOB in corrosion of steel in nearshore and estuarine environments. In addition, this work shows that the global distribution of Zetaproteobacteria is far greater than previously thought.

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Microbiology of Seamounts: Common Patterns Observed in Community Structure

Cited by 80 publications

References 45 publications

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

Genomic insights into the uncultivated marine Zetaproteobacteria at Loihi Seamount

Neutrophilic Iron-Oxidizing “ Zetaproteobacteria ” and Mild Steel Corrosion in Nearshore Marine Environments

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