Microbiology of Shell Egg Production in the United States

Gast, Richard K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802582-6.00002-1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 128 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Salmonella control in poultry farms should be based on the application of strict biosecurity measures. These include major efforts in controlling housing conditions, feed quality, strict hygiene, plagues control, contact with wildlife animals, and, where possible, avoiding multi-age rearing [ 8 , 20 ]. In many countries, these measures are too expansive and are not being implemented [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is responsible for 11% of all foodborne illnesses and has caused 35% of hospitalizations and 28% of total deaths [ 7 ]. S. Enteritidis is most frequently associated with egg-related outbreaks of salmonellosis, and S. Typhimurium is considered the principal causative agent of foodborne salmonellosis [ 8 ]. In Europe, these two Salmonella serovars, Enteritidis and Typhimurium, are specifically regulated in laying flocks in all member states [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, multi-age rearing is not recommended as new birds are rapidly becoming infected by older ones. Nevertheless, this practice is still common in many developing countries [ 8 , 20 ]. Consequently, due to the high costs of the implementation of efficiency measures, it is unlikely to achieve these goals [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Efficacy of a Trivalent Inactivated Salmonella Vaccine Combined with the Live S. Gallinarum 9R Vaccine in Young Layers after Experimental Infections with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Infantis

Huberman¹,

Caballero-García²,

Rojas³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Worldwide, poultry infections by Salmonella are the cause of significant economic losses, not only due to reduced production (due to fowl typhoid disease), but also considering the efforts and control measures that must be constantly applied, especially due to zoonotic serovars. Poultry is a common reservoir of Salmonella and its transmission into the food chain is a risk for humans. The vaccination of layers plays an important role in the overall efforts to prevent Salmonella infections. An inactivated trivalent vaccine was prepared with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Infantis strains. Infection trials were performed to evaluate the efficacy of three vaccination schedules using inactivated and live S. Gallinarum 9R vaccines. For this purpose, at week 5 of life, one subcutaneous dose of live S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine (1–5 × 107 CFU) was given to Groups 1 and 2. At weeks 8 and 11 of life, chickens were also vaccinated with one (Group 1) or two (Groups 2 and 3) intramuscular doses of the inactivated oil-adjuvant trivalent vaccine (1 × 108 CFU/dose of each antigen). Group 4 consisted of chickens that remained unvaccinated (control). At week 14 of life, the efficacy of the vaccination plans was evaluated in three separate inoculation trials with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, or S. Infantis. After vaccination with the inactivated vaccine, homologous antibody production was observed, and after challenge, a significant reduction in the faecal shedding, invasion, and colonization of S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis was achieved by all vaccination schedules, while the vaccination with at least one dose of the live S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine was necessary to obtain such a significant protection against S. Enteritidis infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Efficacy of a Trivalent Inactivated Salmonella Vaccine Combined with the Live S. Gallinarum 9R Vaccine in Young Layers after Experimental Infections with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Infantis

Huberman¹,

Caballero-García²,

Rojas³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…13 Because Salmonella can be highly persistent in both infected birds and diverse environmental reservoirs, global egg safety programs include interventions at multiple stages of egg production and supply to the public. 14 However, the specific interventions, such as requirements for vaccination of laying flocks against specific Salmonella serotypes, requirements for monitoring for Salmonella on egg farms, requirements for egg pasteurisation or other actions when Salmonella is detected in a laying flock, requirements for washing of eggs, and requirements for mandatory refrigeration of eggs vary vastly between countries and vary with respect to which specific Salmonella serotypes the interventions apply to (often, interventions are applicable to Salmonella serotypes S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium only). 14 To illustrate, egg washing with sanitizers is one of the most common methods of reducing eggshell contamination in Australia, Japan, and the USA but the technique is banned in the European Union 15 ; the major advantage of egg washing is the removal of faecal debris thereby reducing the overall bacterial load on the eggshell surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A protracted outbreak of Salmonella Hessarek infection associated with one brand of eggs—South Australia, March 2017 - July 2018

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella Hessarek is an uncommon serotype in Australia. We report on the investigation of a protracted outbreak of 25 cases of S. Hessarek gastroenteritis in which cases were defined as any laboratory confirmed case of Salmonella Hessarek notified to the South Australian Communicable Disease Control Branch from 1st March 2017 to 3 July 2018. We conducted a descriptive case series investigation interviewing all cases and 17 (68%) reported consuming brand X free-range eggs. Four samples of one-dozen brand X eggs were cultured for the presence of Salmonella spp. One out of the four samples returned positive for S. Hessarek in the contents of the eggs; Salmonella was not present in any of the whole egg rinses of the four samples. The high proportion of cases reporting the consumption of brand X free-range eggs and the isolation of S. Hessarek from sampling four dozen brand X eggs is an unusually strong signal implicating brand X eggs as the source of this outbreak. From a public health perspective, it is important to understand the behaviour of S. Hessarek including its ability to be present in the content of eggs and further research is recommended. The findings in this investigation into a rare Salmonella serotype highlight the need for continuous monitoring of the epidemiology of Salmonella in Australia including the epidemiology of egg-associated Salmonella outbreaks of human disease.

show abstract

Student Cross-Training Opportunities for Combining Food, Transportation, and Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity Into an Academic Food Systems Education Program

Thompson

Rainwater

et al. 2018

Food and Feed Safety Systems and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbiology of Shell Egg Production in the United States

Cited by 5 publications

References 128 publications

The Efficacy of a Trivalent Inactivated Salmonella Vaccine Combined with the Live S. Gallinarum 9R Vaccine in Young Layers after Experimental Infections with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Infantis

The Efficacy of a Trivalent Inactivated Salmonella Vaccine Combined with the Live S. Gallinarum 9R Vaccine in Young Layers after Experimental Infections with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Infantis

A protracted outbreak of Salmonella Hessarek infection associated with one brand of eggs—South Australia, March 2017 - July 2018

Student Cross-Training Opportunities for Combining Food, Transportation, and Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity Into an Academic Food Systems Education Program

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About