Microbiome and cancer immunotherapy

Chilakapati, Shanmuga Reddy; Ricciuti, Jason; Zsiros, Emese

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.007

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These five genera were specifically enriched in the PTX+SHP group ( Figure 6). Short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, affect gut-motility [64], health [62], and the immune system [65], and also benefit the microflora metabolites. Results of the microbiota analysis supported our hypothesis that the microbiota of the PTX+SHP group did not induce gut-inflammation but protected intestinal morphology and function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Motility and Improvement Efficacy of Shenhuang Plaster Application on Shenque: Identification, Evaluation, and Mechanism

Shi

Ding

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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Constipation, a gastrointestinal function disorder, is one of the side effects of paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy. Shenhuang plaster (SHP) application on the Shenque acupoint promotes gut motility in clinical settings. In this study, we elucidated the ingredients in SHP and evaluated its effects on PTX-induced constipation using a tumour-bearing mouse model. SHP was prepared using the traditional Chinese plaster preparation method. The ingredients were analysed using UPLC-MS/MS and identified via screening in a standard drug database. The gastrointestinal transit was evaluated by the movement of a fluorescein-labelled dextran in the gastrointestinal tract. A histological study of the mucosa was carried out after haematoxylin and eosin staining. mRNA expression was assessed using real-time RT-PCR, and the foetal microbiota composition was elucidated through 16 s rDNA sequencing and BLAST analysis. Our results indicate that the application of SHP attenuated weight gain inhibition by PTX; however, no inhibitory effect was observed on tumour growth. PTX-induced sluggish intestine, villus, and mucosal base layer damage were significantly improved following the application of SHP. Further, SHP enhanced the stimulation efficiency of PTX on TLR4 and its downstream cytokines, as well as on IL-1β in intestinal cells. SHP combined with PTX reshaped the microbiota, which showed beneficial effects on health. Hence, these results provide evidence that SHP alleviates PTX-induced constipation and intestinal morphological damage but augments the effects of PTX on the expression of cytokines in the TLR4 pathway and IL-1β. Therefore, we propose that SHP stimulates the host immune response to eradicate cancer cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Motility and Improvement Efficacy of Shenhuang Plaster Application on Shenque: Identification, Evaluation, and Mechanism

Shi

Ding

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Bars marked with different letters (a-e) indicate statistically significant differences (p < .05) (n ¼ 10). (Chilakapati et al, 2020;Passos et al, 2020). The findings of the current study revealed that the IL-4 and IFN-c concentrations in the anti-DEC-205-EUPS-OVA-LPSM group were notably greater than the other groups.…”

Section: Effects Of the Anti-dec-205-eups-ova-lpsm On Serum Cytokine mentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Typically, Th1-cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2 can promote lymphocytes division and proliferation, DC maturation, and activate Th1-based immune responses (Zivcec et al., 2020 ). Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4, −6, and −10, promote Th2-type immune responses and enhance antibody production (Chilakapati et al., 2020 ; Passos et al., 2020 ). The findings of the current study revealed that the IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations in the anti-DEC-205-EUPS-OVA-LPSM group were notably greater than the other groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DEC-205 receptor-mediated long-circling nanoliposome as an antigen and Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide delivery system enhances the immune response via facilitating dendritic cells maturation

et al. 2020

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“…Some characteristic microbiota can be used as biomarkers to predict the effect of immunotherapy [ 68 – 71 ]. Since the effect of immunotherapy depends on the appropriate intestinal microbiota, the identification of biomarkers which represent the “appropriate” microbiota composition is conducive to the early prediction of immunotherapy effect [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Application Of Gut Microbiota In Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Tumor Immunotherapy

Bai

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Tumor immunotherapy is the fourth therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. It has made great breakthroughs in the treatment of some epithelial tumors and hematological tumors. However, its adverse reactions are common or even more serious, and the response rate in some solid tumors is not satisfactory. With the maturity of genomics and metabolomics technologies, the effect of intestinal microbiota in tumor development and treatment has gradually been recognized. The microbiota may affect tumor immunity by regulating the host immune system and tumor microenvironment. Some bacteria help fight tumors by activating immunity, while some bacteria mediate immunosuppression to help cancer cells escape from the immune system. More and more studies have revealed that the effects and complications of tumor immunotherapy are related to the composition of the gut microbiota. The composition of the intestinal microbiota that is sensitive to treatment or prone to adverse reactions has certain characteristics. These characteristics may be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and may also be developed as “immune potentiators” to assist immunotherapy. Some clinical and preclinical studies have proved that microbial intervention, including microbial transplantation, can improve the sensitivity of immunotherapy or reduce adverse reactions to a certain extent. With the development of gene editing technology and nanotechnology, the design and development of engineered bacteria that contribute to immunotherapy has become a new research hotspot. Based on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and immunotherapy, the correct mining of microbial information and the development of reasonable and feasible microbial intervention methods are expected to optimize tumor immunotherapy to a large extent and bring new breakthroughs in tumor treatment.

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Microbiome and cancer immunotherapy

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Gastrointestinal Motility and Improvement Efficacy of Shenhuang Plaster Application on Shenque: Identification, Evaluation, and Mechanism

Gastrointestinal Motility and Improvement Efficacy of Shenhuang Plaster Application on Shenque: Identification, Evaluation, and Mechanism

DEC-205 receptor-mediated long-circling nanoliposome as an antigen and Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide delivery system enhances the immune response via facilitating dendritic cells maturation

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Tumor Immunotherapy

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