Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease

Herrema, Hilde; Nieuwdorp, Max; Groen, Albert K.

doi:10.1007/164_2020_356

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“… 24 This leads to an accumulation of cholesterol in the macrophages, promoting the activation of the endothelial cells and the migration of foam cells to the walls of the arteries, triggering the platelet activation. 9 , 25 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases—a brief review

Almeida

Barata

Fernandes

2021

Porto Biomedical Journal

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Lately, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important mediator of the development and the outcomes of certain diseases. It's well known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health. Still far from being completely understood and analyzed is the complexity of this ecosystem, although a close relationship between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been established. A loss of diversity in the microbiota will lead to physiological changes, which can improve inflammatory or infection states like atherosclerosis and hypertension, the basic pathological process of CVD. Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites are new and promising strategies for the treatment and prognosis of CVD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of the diet directly influences the production of SCFAs, with acetate, propionate, and butyrate being the most important metabolites. 25 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases—a brief review

Almeida

Barata

Fernandes

2021

Porto Biomedical Journal

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“…Indeed, bacteria from the oral cavity first reach the circulation and can also cause low-grade inflammation in vessels, contributing to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Gut-derived microbiota on the other hand can influence host metabolism on various levels [50]. Consequently, some oral bacteria, such as Pg, may enter blood directly from the gingiva or dental apex (as suggested by the description of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in peri-apical lesions [51]).…”

Section: Direct Translocation From Gingiva To Synoviamentioning

confidence: 99%

Another Look at the Contribution of Oral Microbiota to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review

Berthelot¹,

Bandiaky

Goff³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Although autoimmunity contributes to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), several lines of evidence challenge the dogma that it is mainly an autoimmune disorder. As RA-associated human leukocyte antigens shape microbiomes and increase the risk of dysbiosis in mucosae, RA might rather be induced by epigenetic changes in long-lived synovial presenting cells, stressed by excessive translocations into joints of bacteria from the poorly cultivable gut, lung, or oral microbiota (in the same way as more pathogenic bacteria can lead to “reactive arthritis”). This narrative review (i) lists evidence supporting this scenario, including the identification of DNA from oral and gut microbiota in the RA synovium (but in also healthy synovia), and the possibility of translocation through blood, from mucosae to joints, of microbiota, either directly from the oral cavity or from the gut, following an increase of gut permeability worsened by migration within the gut of oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis; (ii) suggests other methodologies for future works other than cross-sectional studies of periodontal microbiota in cohorts of patients with RA versus controls, namely, longitudinal studies of oral, gut, blood, and synovial microbiota combined with transcriptomic analyses of immune cells in individual patients at risk of RA, and in overt RA, before, during, and following flares of RA.

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“…Intestinal microorganisms can modulate human metabolism at the level of small molecules, including the conversion of food components into hormone-like signals and biologically active metabolites. About 10% of small molecules circulating in the bloodstream have the origin of intestinal microbiome (Herrema et al, 2020). One of such biologically active metabolites of the intestinal microbiota, which may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis, is trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).…”

Section: Microbiome and Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, metabolic endotoxemia provokes macrophage activation via TLR4/MyD88/TRIF signaling (Caesar et al, 2015). TLR4/MyD88/TRIF is activated by the lipid A component of LPS and this causes inflammatory signaling pathways (Herrema et al, 2020;Caesar et al, 2015). Thus, microbiome alteration based on a diet type may influence on pro-inflammatory activation, which is correlated with atherosclerosis since pro-inflammatory macrophages are one of the key cells in atherogenesis.…”

Section: Microbiome and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Insight at Atherogenesis: The Role of Microbiome

Kirichenko

Markina

Sukhorukov

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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There is an important task of current medicine to identify mechanisms and new markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in order to develop early targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, since it causes such widespread diseases as myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death, and other common reasons of disability and mortality in developed countries. In recent years, studies of the human microbiome in different fields of medicine have become increasingly popular; there is evidence from numerous studies of the significant contribution of microbiome in different steps of atherogenesis. This review attempted to determine the current status of the databases PubMed and Scopus (until May, 2020) to highlight current ideas on the potential role of microbiome and its metabolites in atherosclerosis development, its mechanisms of action in lipids metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory pathways, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results of clinical studies elucidating the relationship of microbiome with subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease considered in this article demonstrate strong association of microbiome composition and its metabolites with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Data on microbiome impact in atherogenesis open a wide perspective to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, but further comprehensive studies are necessary.

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Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 129 publications

The influence of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases—a brief review

The influence of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases—a brief review

Another Look at the Contribution of Oral Microbiota to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review

A Novel Insight at Atherogenesis: The Role of Microbiome

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