Microbiome and mycobiome interaction in house dust mites and impact on airway cells

Kim, Ju Yeong; Yi, Myung Hee; Lee, Seogwon; Lee, In-Yong; Yong, Dongeun; Yoon, Sang Sun; Yong, Tai-Soon

doi:10.1111/cea.13962

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, in our previous microbiome study of D. farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae , both mites contained Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bartonella , and bacteria-derived LPS [ 8 ]. We also showed that D. farinae possessed greater bacterial concentration and LPS than D. pteronyssinus and that the immune response pathway against bacteria was activated only in D. farinae -treated human airway cells [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BEAS-2B cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/F40 medium supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum at 37°C and 5% carbon dioxide. HDM was used to treat cells seeded at a concentration of 1 × 10 6 cells/well in six well plates [ 20 ]. Cells were sampled 24 hr after a single exposure to 100 μ g/mL each of the ampicillin treated- D. farinae and untreated D. farinae extracts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Dermatophagoides farinae Having Low Bacterial Content Using Ampicillin

Kim

et al. 2023

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background. Symbiotic bacteria in house dust mites pose a risk of immunological side effects in the clinical use of immunotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the duration for which the bacterial concentration in Dermatophagoides farinae could be kept low with antibiotic treatment, and whether the allergenic properties of the mite changed under ampicillin treatment. Methods. D. farinae was cultivated in the presence of ampicillin powder in an autoclaved medium for 6 weeks. After subsequent subcultures without ampicillin, the mites were harvested, and the extract was prepared. The amounts of bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and two major allergens (Der f 1 and Der f 2) were measured. Human bronchial epithelial cells and mice were treated with the D. farinae extract to assess the allergic airway inflammation. Results. The number of bacteria and level of LPS were reduced by 150-fold and 33-fold, respectively, at least 18 weeks after ampicillin treatment. The concentration of Der f 1 and Der f 2 remained unchanged by ampicillin treatment. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from the human airway epithelial cells decreased when treated with the extract of ampicillin-treated D. farinae compared with that of ampicillin-untreated D. farinae. A mouse asthma model was developed using ampicillin-treated D. farinae. We observed that the level of lung function, airway inflammation, and serum-specific immunoglobulin were not different for the mouse asthma model developed using ampicillin-treated D. farinae than the model developed using ampicillin-untreated D. farinae. Conclusions. We showed that bacterial content in D. farinae was reduced by ampicillin treatment, which was sufficient to induce allergic sensitization and an immune response. This method will be used to develop more controlled allergy immunotherapeutic agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Dermatophagoides farinae Having Low Bacterial Content Using Ampicillin

Kim

et al. 2023

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…In addition, LPS inhibitor treatment reduces the amount of IL-6 and IL-8 released from BEAS-2B cells after treatment with house dust mite extract. This indicates that bacterial components, such as endotoxins, act synergistically on airway epithelial cells to induce an inflammatory response [ 23 ]. Similar to these findings, reduced endotoxin levels in GCE owing to antibiotic usage are likely associated with a decrease in allergic airway inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ampicillin treated German cockroach extract leads to reduced inflammation in human lung cells and a mouse model of Asthma

Lee

Yi²,

Jang³

et al. 2023

Parasit Host Dis

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Cockroaches can cause allergic sensitization in humans via contact with their feces or frass. Antibiotics can affect concentration of major allergen and total bacteria production in German cockroaches (Blattella germanica). This study examined the ability of antibiotic-treated German cockroaches to induce allergic airway inflammation and the effect of antibiotics on their lipopolysaccharide and Bla g1, 2, and 5 expression levels. Specifically, we measured the ability of German cockroach extract (with or without prior antibiotic exposure) to induce allergic inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells and a mouse model of asthma. Bacterial 16S rRNA and lipopolysaccharide levels were lower in ampicillin-treated cockroaches than in the control group. The Bla g1, Bla g2, and Bla g5 expression in ampicillin-treated cockroaches decreased at both the protein and RNA levels. In human bronchial epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B exposed to the ampicillin-treated extract, expression levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were lower than that in the control group. The total cell count and eosinophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also lower in mice exposed to the ampicillin-treated extract than in those exposed to normal cockroach extract. Mouse lung histopathology showed reduced immune cell infiltration and mucus production in the ampicillin group. Our results showed that ampicillin treatment reduced the symbiont bacterial population and major allergen levels in German cockroaches, leading to reduced airway inflammation in mice. These results can facilitate the preparation of protein extracts for immunotherapy or diagnostics applications.

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“…In contrast to insects ( Chakraborty et al., 2020 ; Višňovská et al., 2020 ; Kim et al., 2021a ; Guo et al., 2022 ), the research on associations between fungi and ticks is limited. The majority of the available studies are focused on entomopathogenic fungi, mainly of the Beauveria and Metarhizium genera, and their prospective use in the biological control of ticks ( Kalsbeek et al., 1995 ; Mitina et al., 2011 ; Munteanu et al., 2014 ; Wassermann et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Kim et al. (2021a) discovered that nymphs of I. scapularis infected with B. burgdorferi s. l. secreted significantly more saliva proteins while suppressing antimicrobial peptides up to 85-fold compared to uninfected ticks.…”

Section: Microbiome In Tick Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about the microbiome of I. ricinus?

Hodosi

Kazimírová

Šoltýs

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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I. ricinus is an obligate hematophagous parasitic arthropod that is responsible for the transmission of a wide range of zoonotic pathogens including spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, Rickettsia spp., C. burnetii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Francisella tularensis, which are part the tick´s microbiome. Most of the studies focus on “pathogens” and only very few elucidate the role of “non-pathogenic” symbiotic microorganisms in I. ricinus. While most of the members of the microbiome are leading an intracellular lifestyle, they are able to complement tick´s nutrition and stress response having a great impact on tick´s survival and transmission of pathogens. The composition of the tick´s microbiome is not consistent and can be tied to the environment, tick species, developmental stage, or specific organ or tissue. Ovarian tissue harbors a stable microbiome consisting mainly but not exclusively of endosymbiotic bacteria, while the microbiome of the digestive system is rather unstable, and together with salivary glands, is mostly comprised of pathogens. The most prevalent endosymbionts found in ticks are Rickettsia spp., Ricketsiella spp., Coxiella-like and Francisella-like endosymbionts, Spiroplasma spp. and Candidatus Midichloria spp. Since microorganisms can modify ticks’ behavior, such as mobility, feeding or saliva production, which results in increased survival rates, we aimed to elucidate the potential, tight relationship, and interaction between bacteria of the I. ricinus microbiome. Here we show that endosymbionts including Coxiella-like spp., can provide I. ricinus with different types of vitamin B (B2, B6, B7, B9) essential for eukaryotic organisms. Furthermore, we hypothesize that survival of Wolbachia spp., or the bacterial pathogen A. phagocytophilum can be supported by the tick itself since coinfection with symbiotic Spiroplasma ixodetis provides I. ricinus with complete metabolic pathway of folate biosynthesis necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division. Manipulation of tick´s endosymbiotic microbiome could present a perspective way of I. ricinus control and regulation of spread of emerging bacterial pathogens.

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Microbiome and mycobiome interaction in house dust mites and impact on airway cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Production of Dermatophagoides farinae Having Low Bacterial Content Using Ampicillin

Production of Dermatophagoides farinae Having Low Bacterial Content Using Ampicillin

Ampicillin treated German cockroach extract leads to reduced inflammation in human lung cells and a mouse model of Asthma

What do we know about the microbiome of I. ricinus?

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