Microbiome as a tool and a target in the effort to address antimicrobial resistance

Relman, David A.; Lipsitch, Marc

doi:10.1073/pnas.1717163115

Cited by 82 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…PIMI infection can be related to the AMR process, in which the bacterium is capable of evading clearance by antibiotics and the host's immune system, resulting in long-lasting, persistent infections 44,47 . AMR increases the risk of subsequent microbiome invasion by pathogens, and subsequent disease 48 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of enrofloxacin treatment on the bacterial microbiota of milk from goats with persistent mastitis

Polveiro

Vidigal

Mendes

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for human and animal health. As fluoroquinolones have been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine, there has also been the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance around the world. Here, we analysed the microbiome of goat milk using samples from healthy goats and those diagnosed with persistent mastitis and treated using the antibiotic enrofloxacin with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We selected a group of 11 goats and 22 samples of milk that did not respond clinically to enrofloxacin treatment. Milk samples were evaluated before and after treatment to verify changes of the microbiota; the three first lactating goats were selected from the healthy control group. The milk samples from the healthy control animals presented a larger abundance of different species of bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus, but a smaller number of different genera, which indicated a more specific niche of resident bacteria. The Firmicutes phylum was predominantly different between the studied groups. Samples from before-treatment animals had a higher number of new species than those from the control group, and after being treated again. These microbiota received new bacteria, increasing the differences in bacteria even more in relation to the control group. Genotypes such as Trueperella and Mannheimia, between other genera, had a high abundance in the samples from animals with persistent mastitis. The dysbiosis in this study, with marked evidence of a complex microbiota in activity in cases of the failure of antimicrobial treatment for persistent chronic mastitis, demonstrates a need to improve the accuracy of pathogen identification and increases concern regarding antibiotic treatments in milk production herds. Antimicrobial therapies have been shown to be increasingly problematic due to the development multiple types of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, and for that reason, therapeutic alternatives to treat multidrug-resistant microorganisms are rapidly dwindling. Fluoroquinolones have been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine as they are considered among the most effective drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections 1,2. Enrofloxacin, is a fluoroquinolone exclusively developed for use in veterinary medicine 1,3,4. This drug is a potent inhibitor of bacterial DNA Topoisomerase II (Gyrase) and the DNA Topoisomerase IV (Topo IV), which are essential enzymes involved in key cellular processes including DNA replication 5-10. The drug has a broad spectrum of activity, being active against major pathogenic bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative), mycoplasmas 11 , and also mycobacteria 12 , but is ineffective against obligate anaerobes 13. Furthermore, in both mammalian and non-mammalian species, enrofloxacin is partially metabolised in the liver to ciprofloxacin, a primary metabolite of which is cyclopropyl, a potent antimicrobial agent itself 14. The active substance is characterised by a low host toxicity, being non-mutagenic with a...

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confidence: 99%

Effects of enrofloxacin treatment on the bacterial microbiota of milk from goats with persistent mastitis

Polveiro

Vidigal

Mendes

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Mapping ecosystem services and services to ecosystems rendered by the gut/soil microbial communities and ILCs respectively to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Details on how the ESs map and services to ecosystems map to the subgoals can be found in Supplementary File microbiota is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (Baron et al, 2018;Hu et al, 2013;Relman & Lipsitch, 2018). There has been widespread debates and criticisms on the categorization of negative functions (Shapiro & Báldi, 2014;Villa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Drawbacks Of the Study Negative Functions Of Communities Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Capabilities of Communities from different Scales and Niches - Implications on Sustainability Goals

Sudhakar

2020

EUROPEAN J SUSTAINAB DEV

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Ecosystems are complex compendia of biotic and abiotic components and characterized by exchanges of energy and mass. Via the actions and functions of the resident components which assemble into communities, ecosystems provide both direct/indirect tangible and intangible services to human society as well as the natural world. This holds true for ecosystems which cut across various scales and niches. Various frameworks have been devised to categorize and evaluate the services provided by ecosystems and/or their components. In this study, the services elicited by three specific communities occupying different ecosystem niches and having distinct scalar resolution are assessed. Firstly, the microbial communities which reside in the mammalian gut ecosystem, the microbial communities in the soil and the indigenous/local communities who inhabit the ecosystems comprising their traditional landscapes. Further, the roles and functions of these diverse communities, separated by scale and mostly and largely contributing to the homeostasis and functionality of their corresponding ecosystems, are evaluated. The services rendered by these communities are then mapped to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Finally, the importance of these communities in maximizing social, economic and ecological capital is pointed out.

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“…Relman and Lipsitch (14) describe the fourth reason to consider vaccines, which is to preserve the microbiome. Antibiotics disrupt the human microbiome, which has harmful effects on general health, especially in children.…”

Section: Box 1 Dedicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and the role of vaccines

Bloom

Black

Salisbury

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

132

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Microbiome as a tool and a target in the effort to address antimicrobial resistance

Cited by 82 publications

References 123 publications

Effects of enrofloxacin treatment on the bacterial microbiota of milk from goats with persistent mastitis

Effects of enrofloxacin treatment on the bacterial microbiota of milk from goats with persistent mastitis

Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Capabilities of Communities from different Scales and Niches - Implications on Sustainability Goals

Antimicrobial resistance and the role of vaccines

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