Microbiome as Sensitive Markers for Risk Assessment of Pesticides

Singh, Upma; Walvekar, Varsha Ashok; Sharma, Shilpi

doi:10.1002/9781119432241.ch6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Agricultural soils, directly or indirectly, are continuously losing their quality and physical properties (soil texture, permeability, porosity, and drainage), as well as their chemical (imbalance of nutritive elements) and biological (beneficial organisms) health [3]. In the case of the soil microbiota, some authors have shown that pesticides can decrease their abundance and diversity, leading to an impairment of their functioning in agro-systems [2][3][4]. Pesticides also negatively impact other beneficial organisms in agriculture, such as pollinating insects, which are important in improving the production of several crops [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth Stimulation by Microbial Consortia

et al. 2021

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Plant-associated microorganisms play an important role in agricultural production. Although various studies have shown that single microorganisms can exert beneficial effects on plants, it is increasingly evident that when a microbial consortium—two or more interacting microorganisms—is involved, additive or synergistic results can be expected. This occurs, in part, due to the fact that multiple species can perform a variety of tasks in an ecosystem like the rhizosphere. Therefore, the beneficial mechanisms of plant growth stimulation (i.e., enhanced nutrient availability, phytohormone modulation, biocontrol, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance) exerted by different microbial players within the rhizosphere, such as plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and fungi (such as Trichoderma and Mycorrhizae), are reviewed. In addition, their interaction and beneficial activity are highlighted when they act as part of a consortium, mainly as mixtures of different species of PGPB, PGPB–Mycorrhizae, and PGPB–Trichoderma, under normal and diverse stress conditions. Finally, we propose the expansion of the use of different microbial consortia, as well as an increase in research on different mixtures of microorganisms that facilitate the best and most consistent results in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth Stimulation by Microbial Consortia

et al. 2021

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“…Microbes play a pivotal role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling (Gougoulias et al, 2014), as well as in maintaining plant and soil health (Msimbira & Smith, 2020; Naik et al, 2019) through the prevention of plant pathogens and pests (Qadri et al, 2020) as well as the secretion of metabolites that enhance plant growth (Souza et al, 2015; Spaepen et al, 2007). Soil perturbations, such as those induced in agriculture and crop production, have been shown to reduce soil microbial diversity (Gomiero et al, 2011; Hendgen et al, 2018; U. Singh et al, 2020). Although there have been extensive investigations into the factors that drive microbial communities, such as pH (Fierer & Jackson, 2006; Griffiths et al, 2011; Lauber et al, 2009), salinity (George et al, 2021; Van Horn et al, 2013; Zeglin et al, 2011), soil depth (Xu et al, 2013), soil organic carbon content (Sul et al, 2013), temperature (Oliverio et al, 2017), soil moisture (Serna‐Chavez et al, 2013), redox status (Pett‐Ridge & Firestone, 2005) and plant communities (Barberán et al, 2015; Peay et al, 2013; Prober et al, 2015), these factors are likely environment specific; thus, continued investigation into the different drivers that apply to unique environments and ecosystems are still needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate is a strong predictor of the native and invasive plant‐associated soil microbiome on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos archipelago

Schoenborn

Yannarell

MacVicar

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiology

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Understanding the drivers that affect soil bacterial and fungal communities is essential to understanding and mitigating the impacts of human activity on vulnerable ecosystems like those on the Gal apagos Islands. The volcanic slopes of these Islands lead to steep elevation gradients that generate distinct microclimates across small spatial scales. Although much is known about the impacts of invasive plant species on the above-ground biodiversity of the Gal apagos Islands, little is known about their resident soil microbial communities and the factors shaping them. Here, we investigate the bacterial and fungal soil communities associated with invasive and native plant species across three distinct microclimates on San Crist obal Island (arid, transition zone and humid). At each site, we collected soil at three depths (rhizosphere, 5 cm and 15 cm) from multiple plants. Sampling location was the strongest driver of both bacterial and fungal communities, explaining 73% and 43% of variation in the bacterial and fungal community structure, respectively, with additional minor but significant impacts from soil depth and plant type (invasive vs. native). This study highlights the continued need to explore microbial communities across diverse environments and demonstrates how both abiotic and biotic factors impact soil microbial communities in the Gal apagos archipelago.Alexi A. Schoenborn and Sarah M. Yannarell are co-first authors.

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“…Microbes play a pivotal role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling 16 , as well as in maintaining plant and soil health 17,18 through the prevention of plant pathogens and pests 19 as well as the secretion of metabolites that enhance plant growth 20,21 . Soil perturbations, such as those induced in agriculture and crop production, have been shown to reduce soil microbial diversity [22][23][24] . Although there have been extensive investigations into the factors that drive microbial communities, such as pH [25][26][27] , salinity [28][29][30] , soil depth 31 , soil organic carbon content 32 , temperature 33 , soil moisture 34 , redox status 35 and plant communities [36][37][38] , these factors are likely environment specific; thus, continued investigation into the different drivers that apply to unique environments and ecosystems are still needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate is a strong predictor of the native and invasive plant-associated soil microbiota on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos archipelago

Schoenborn

Yannarell

MacVicar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Understanding the major drivers that influence soil bacterial and fungal communities is essential to mitigate the impacts of human activity on vulnerable ecosystems, like those found on the Galápagos Islands. Located ~1000 km off the coast of Ecuador, the volcanically formed islands are situated within distinct oceanic currents, which provide seasonal weather patterns and unique microclimates within small spatial scales across the islands. Although much is known about the impacts of human activity, such as climate change and invasive plant species, on above ground biodiversity of the Galápagos Islands, little is known about the resident soil microbial communities and the drivers that shape these communities. Here, our goal was to investigate the bacterial and fungal communities found in soil located in three distinct microclimates: Mirador (arid), Cerro Alto (semi-arid), and El Junco (humid), and associated with native and invasive plant types. At each site, we collected soil at three depths (rhizosphere, 5 cm, and 15 cm) associated with the invasive plant, Psidium guajava (guava), and native plant types. We determined that the sampling location (microclimate) was the strongest driver of both bacterial and fungal communities (74 and 38%, respectively), with additional minor but significant impacts from plant type and soil depth. This study highlights the continued need to explore microbial communities across diverse environments and demonstrates the weight of different abiotic and biotic factors impacting soil microbial communities across San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos archipelago.IMPORTANCE/SIGNIFICANCEHuman activity such as climate change, pollution, introduction of invasive species, and deforestation, poses a huge threat to biodiverse environments. Soil microbiota are an essential component to maintaining healthy ecosystems. However, a greater understanding of factors that alter these microbial communities is needed in order to find ways to mitigate and reverse the impacts imposed by human activity. The Galápagos Islands are a unique real-world laboratory, in that the islands’ biogeography and physical locations in the Pacific Ocean provide distinct microclimates within small geographic distances. Harnessing these distinct environments allowed us to investigate the influence of microclimates, soil depth, and vegetation cover on bacterial and fungal community composition.

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Microbiome as Sensitive Markers for Risk Assessment of Pesticides

Cited by 7 publications

References 85 publications

Plant Growth Stimulation by Microbial Consortia

Plant Growth Stimulation by Microbial Consortia

Microclimate is a strong predictor of the native and invasive plant‐associated soil microbiome on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos archipelago

Microclimate is a strong predictor of the native and invasive plant-associated soil microbiota on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos archipelago

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