Microbiome - based agents can optimize composting of agricultural wastes by modifying microbial communities

Microbial community assembly during aging of food waste-derived hydrochar: key bacterial guilds mediate nutrient dynamics

“…2a), mainly composed of Proteobacteria (53%) and Firmicutes (26%). Similar to this result, previous studies found that the microbial community in compost was mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria (Bao et al, 2023; Li et al, 2023). Proteobacteria contain numerous metabolic types and constitute one of the most diverse and abundant groups of microbes (Zhou et al, 2020).…”

“…The results showed that the level of pH increased with aging time for all treatments (Fig. 1b), which could be due to NH 4 + -N generated through the mineralization of organic matter (Li et al, 2023). Ec denotes the level of compost salinity and maturity.…”

“…The Ec increase could be caused by the release of mineral salts such as phosphates and ammonium ions through the decomposition of organic substances, while the volatilization of ammonia and the precipitation of mineral salts could decrease the level of Ec (Gao et al, 2010; Sun et al, 2021). Ec values over 4 mS/cm are usually detrimental to plant growth (Li et al, 2023). In this study, the Ec values of hydrochar, in all aging treatments, were below 4 mS/cm, indicating limited toxic effects on plants.…”

“…Microorganisms release large amounts of nitrogen by organic mineralization, and the excess N can be lost from the hydrochar through leaching or volatilization as ammonia (Gao et al, 2010). Moreover, water evaporation owing to the heat generated through microbial activity was the primary cause of moisture content loss (Li et al, 2023), causing an increase in nutrient content per unit of hydrochar during the aging process. This finding could explain the observed increase in the potassium concentration of hydrochar during the aging periods (Fig.…”

Application of cold-adapted microbial agents in soil contaminate remediation: biodegradation mechanisms, case studies, and safety assessments

“…The adaptation of cold-adapted microorganisms in cold regions is ascribed to the evolutionary development of diverse physiological mechanisms in sub-zero environments over an extended period, which is believed to hold signicant potential for extensive application prospects. At present, the application of microbial agents is widely, especially compound microbial agents, and the majority of them are thermophilic bacteria, in the aspects of regulate the retting process of ax, 8 aatoxin control and promotion of nodule nitrogen xation, 9 improved the quality of compost, accelerate composting process, 10,11 in situ bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil, etc. However, there still exists a signicant knowledge gap in the growth mechanisms, biodegradation mechanisms, applications, and safety assessments of cold-adapted microorganisms.…”