Microbiome–Epigenome Interactions and the Environmental Origins of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Fofanova, Tatiana; Petrosino, Joseph F.; Kellermayer, Richárd

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000950

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…208 Secondary to environmental plasticity, the host epigenome in mammals carries the potential to communicate with the commensal microbiota through direct and indirect mechanisms. 209 With respect to obesity, epigenetic regulation of body composition 210 and physical activity 211 through prenatal/ early-life exposures are intense areas of research. Intermediates of energy metabolism are cofactors in epigenetically mediated chromatin and secondary gene expression modifications.…”

Section: Microbiome Host Mucosal Interactions: the Role Of Epigeneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epigenetic processes can respond to environmental changes and have been implicated as important participants in the developmental origins of human diseases 208 . Secondary to environmental plasticity, the host epigenome in mammals carries the potential to communicate with the commensal microbiota through direct and indirect mechanisms 209 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proceedings of the 2017 ASPEN Research Workshop—Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut

Jain

Roux

Puri

et al. 2018

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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The goal of the National Institutes of Health-funded American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2017 research workshop (RW) "Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut" was to focus on the exciting research evaluating gut-derived signals in modulating outcomes after bariatric surgery. Although gastric bypass surgery has undoubted positive effects, the mechanistic basis of improved outcomes cannot be solely explained by caloric restriction. Emerging data suggest that bile acid metabolic pathways, luminal contents, energy balance, gut mucosal integrity, as well as the gut microbiota are significantly modulated after bariatric surgery and may be responsible for the variable outcomes, each of which was rigorously evaluated. The RW served as a timely and novel academic meeting that brought together clinicians and researchers across the scientific spectrum, fostering a unique venue for interdisciplinary collaboration among investigators. It promoted engaging discussion and evolution of new research hypotheses and ideas, driving the development of novel ameliorative, therapeutic, and nonsurgical interventions targeting obesity and its comorbidities. Importantly, a critical evaluation of the current knowledge regarding gut-modulated signaling after bariatric surgery, potential pitfalls, and lacunae were thoroughly addressed.

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Section: Microbiome Host Mucosal Interactions: the Role Of Epigeneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the 2017 ASPEN Research Workshop—Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut

Jain

Roux

Puri

et al. 2018

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More than 200 genetic changes have been associated with the development of IBD but each confers only a slightly increased risk, and they are often present in non‐affected individuals. Many of these genes relate to host antimicrobial defence mechanisms, but differ between Caucasian, Asian and Afro‐Caribbean populations 23 …”

Section: Gut Microbiota and The Changing Disease Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these genes relate to host antimicrobial defence mechanisms, but differ between Caucasian, Asian and Afro-Caribbean populations. 23 The gut microbiota is the antigenic drive in IBD. 16 Environmental factors that have an impact on the microbiota most likely cause these epidemiological changes.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and The Changing Disease Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota: cause and cure of gut diseases

White

Bogaerde

Kamm

2018

Medical Journal of Australia

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Summary The gastrointestinal microbiota is emerging as a central factor in the pathogenesis of a range of gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders. Epidemiological studies, and experimental studies in animals and humans, have highlighted a likely causative role of this microbial community in the modern global epidemics of inflammatory bowel disease, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, non‐alcoholic steato‐hepatitis, obesity and metabolic syndrome. New techniques for microbial culture and gene sequencing are enabling the identification of specific pathogens and protective organisms in these conditions. Factors that change the microbiota are being defined: dietary pattern, specific foods, food additives in processed food and drinks, such as emulsifiers and non‐sugar sweeteners, and antibiotics. Microbiota changes in early life appear critical to the later development of a range of inflammatory disorders. For many of these conditions, the treatment paradigm will change, at least in part, from immune suppression and drug therapy to treatments that reshape the microbiota or restore its integrity. These treatments include dietary changes, specific microbial manipulation and faecal microbiota transplantation. A dialogue is needed regarding population strategies that target disease prevention. This will include how food is produced, what additives it contains, and how it is processed. Widespread use of antibiotics, from agricultural and veterinary to medicinal settings, needs more attention. At the individual level, microbial profiles may be able to predict who is at risk of disease when subjected to particular environmental influences, and what microbial restoration is needed to minimise risk.

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“…Most interventional studies have focused on these probiotics, with a smaller part investigating the benefits of prebiotics (substrates enhancing the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, review see [71]). Clinical interventions in response to conditions associated with a chronic disruption of intestinal homeostasis such as ulcerative colitis, and IBS with for example faecal transplants and bariatric surgery, have only been reported in a few publications [73,74].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive functional networks in microbiota

Hornung

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Humans are not autonomous entities. We are all living in a complex environment, interacting not only with our peers, but as true holobionts we are also very much in interaction with our coexisting microbial ecosystems living on and especially within us, in the intestine. Intestinal microorganisms, often collectively referred to as intestinal microbiota, contribute significantly to our daily energy uptake by breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, which are fermented to short-chain fatty acids and subsequently absorbed by human cells. They also have an impact on our immune system, by suppressing or enhancing the growth of malevolent and beneficial microbes. Our lifestyle can have a large influence on this ecosystem. What and how much we consume can tip the ecological balance in the intestine. A "western diet" containing mainly processed food will have a different effect on our health than a balanced diet fortified with pre-and probiotics. In recent years, new technologies have emerged, which made a more detailed understanding of microbial communities and ecosystems feasible. This includes progress in the sequencing of PCR-amplified phylogenetic marker genes as well as the collective microbial metagenome and metatranscriptome, allowing us to determine with an increasing level of detail, which microbial species are in the microbiota, understand what these microorganisms do and how they respond to changes in lifestyle and diet. These new technologies also include the use of synthetic and in vitro systems, which allow us to study the impact of substrates and addition of specific microbes to microbial communities at a high level of detail, and enable us to gather quantitative data for modelling purposes. Here we will review the current state of microbiome research, summarizing the computational methodologies in this area, and highlighting possible outcomes for personalized nutrition and medicine. [301]). The researchers in the microbiome field need to be aware that this hype can also happen to the microbiome [302, 303]. Current microbiome research aims to overcome some of these challenges. Obesity research is likely to contribute in the close future to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and the 4P medicine might partially become achievable in not too distant future, leading to better health and combating epidemics like obesity. Chapter 3: Genomic and functional analysis of Romboutsia ilealis CRIB T reveals adaptation to the small intestine.

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Microbiome–Epigenome Interactions and the Environmental Origins of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Cited by 56 publications

References 221 publications

Proceedings of the 2017 ASPEN Research Workshop—Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut

Proceedings of the 2017 ASPEN Research Workshop—Gastric Bypass: Role of the Gut

The gut microbiota: cause and cure of gut diseases

Interactive functional networks in microbiota

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