Microbiota and Alcohol Use Disorder: Are Psychobiotics a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?

Rodríguez-González, Alicia; Orío, Laura

doi:10.2174/1381612826666200122153541

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…There also is a definite need to study the evolution of AUD patients’ EF patterns throughout the course of abstinence and to explore possible predictors of EF subgroups in AUD. Important candidate variables that are likely predictors of AUD patients’ EF patterns include genetic variations (Chart ier et al, 2017), cerebral structure and functionality (Goldstein and Volkow, 2002), psychiatric comorbidities, especially symptoms of anxiety and depression (Schuckit, 2006), nutritional deficiency (Gautron et al, 2018), or even the characteristics of the gut microbiota (Rodriguez‐Gonzalez and Orio, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Executive Function Abilities in Recently Detoxified Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Evidence from a Cluster Analysis

Schmid

Benzerouk

Barrière

et al. 2020

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Impairments of executive functions (EF) have been consistently reported in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), mostly in studies which were based on comparisons of means between groups. However, given the high heterogeneity in AUD patients, this approach could actually cover a wide range of EF patterns. In the present study, we addressed the paucity of the literature about cognitive heterogeneity in AUD by applying a cluster analytical approach on EF measures. Methods Seventy‐eight withdrawn AUD patients and 77 healthy Control participants completed measures targeting a variety of EF components. We then used cluster analysis to identify subgroups of AUD patients. Furthermore, the AUD subgroups were compared to the Control group to establish their specific EF patterns. Results Findings showed that AUD patients could be divided into 3 clusters based on their EF performances. A first cluster accounting for half of the AUD sample was characterized by unimpaired EF (Cluster 1). The 2 other clusters displayed major EF deficits but differed regarding the deficient EF component. While Cluster 2 was mainly impaired on measures of rule deduction and mental flexibility, Cluster 3 was mainly characterized by a lower processing speed and impaired inhibition of an ongoing motor response. Differences in EF performances of AUD patients could be related to differences in premorbid cognitive reserve, impulsiveness patterns, and withdrawal complications. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of the cognitive heterogeneity in AUD by showing that AUD patients display substantially different EF patterns. Future studies should try to go beyond mere group comparisons to further deepen our understanding about cognitive differences between AUD patients. In the long run, this could lead to more personalized prevention and treatment programs specifically tailored to the patient’s impairments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Executive Function Abilities in Recently Detoxified Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Evidence from a Cluster Analysis

Schmid

Benzerouk

Barrière

et al. 2020

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…These results suggest that the gut microbiome can carry sufficient metabologenomic information to produce alcohol dependency. Furthermore, other researchers have suggested that psychobiotics (probiotic bacteria affecting brain function and neurochemical balance) could represent a useful therapeutic strategy for alcohol use disorder [135].…”

Section: Who Behavior Modifications #2 and #3: Consume Less Alcohol And Stop Using Tobacco -(In Spite Of The Microbiome's Role In Addictimentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome First Approaches to Rescue Public Health and Reduce Human Suffering

Dietert¹

2021

Preprint

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The is a sequential article to an initial review suggesting that Microbiome First medical approaches to human health and wellness could both aid the fight against noncommunicable diseases and conditions (NCDs) and help to usher in sustainable healthcare. This current review article specifically focuses on public health programs and initiatives and what has been termed by medical journals as a catastrophic record of recent failures. Included in the review is a discussion of the four priority behavioral modifications (food choices, cessation of two drugs of abuse, and exercise) advocated by the World Health Organization as the way to stop the ongoing NCD epidemic. The lack of public health focus on the majority of cells and genes in the human superorganism, the microbiome, is highlighted as is the “regulatory gap” failure to protect humans, particularly the young, from a series of mass population toxic exposures (e.g., asbestos, trichloroethylene, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, triclosan, bisphenol A and other plasticizers, polyfluorinated compounds, herbicides, food emulsifiers, high fructose corn syrup, certain nanoparticles, endocrine disruptors, obesogens). The combination of early life toxicity for the microbiome and connected human physiological systems (e.g., immune, neurological), plus a lack of attention to the importance of microbial rebiosis has facilitated rather than suppressed, the NCD epidemic. This review article concludes with a call to place the microbiome first and foremost in public health initiatives as a way to both rescue public health effectiveness and reduce the human suffering connected to co-morbid NCDs.

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“…Thus, alcohol-induced changes in the gut microbiota may contribute not only to development of alcoholic liver disease, but also to a variety of CNS disorders (Engen et al 2015 ; García-Cabrerizo et al 2021 ). Indeed, it has been suggested that use of probiotic might be of potential use in prevention and treatment of alcohol-associated pathologies (Engen et al 2015 ; Lowe et al 2018 ; Rodriguez-Gonzalez and Orio 2020 ; Carbia et al 2021 ; Gupta et al 2021 ). In this regard, it was recently reported that butyrate (BUT) ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice (Zhang et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Butyrate Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cell Line

et al. 2021

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Alcohol use disorder (AUD), brought about by excessive alcohol use, is associated with damages to several organs including the brain. Chronic excessive use of alcohol can compromise intestinal integrity, leading to changes in gut microbiota (GM) composition known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, by disruption of the gut-brain axis (GBA), further exacerbates the deleterious effects of alcohol. One of the fermentation by-products of GM is butyrate (BUT), a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the GBA. Alcohol metabolism results in formation of acetaldehyde, a highly reactive compound that reacts with dopamine in the brain to form toxic adducts such as salsolinol. Recent studies indicate potential neuro-protective effects of BUT against various toxicants including salsolinol. Here, we sought to investigate whether BUT can also protect against alcohol toxicity. Pretreatment of neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cells with 500 mM ethanol (ETOH) for 24 h resulted in approximately 40% reduction in cell viability, which was totally blocked by 10 µM of either BUT or AR 420,626 (AR), a selective fatty acid 3 receptor (FA3R) agonist. The neuro-protective effects of both BUT and AR were significantly (80%) attenuated by beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), a selective FA3R antagonist. Interestingly, combination of BUT and AR resulted in synergistic protection against ETOH, which was totally blocked by BHB. These findings suggest potential utility of butyrate and/or FA3R agonists against ETOH-induced toxicity.

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Microbiota and Alcohol Use Disorder: Are Psychobiotics a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?

Cited by 22 publications

References 157 publications

Heterogeneity of Executive Function Abilities in Recently Detoxified Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Evidence from a Cluster Analysis

Heterogeneity of Executive Function Abilities in Recently Detoxified Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Evidence from a Cluster Analysis

Microbiome First Approaches to Rescue Public Health and Reduce Human Suffering

Sodium Butyrate Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cell Line

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