Microbiota and COVID-19: Long-term and complex influencing factors

Gang, Jiaqi; Li, Ang; Xue, Xiangsheng; Zhang, Shu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.963488

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…The use of polyphenols, probiotics, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids was suggested by Daoust et al [ 204 ]. Fecal transplant, microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, microbiome-derived metabolites, and engineered symbiotic bacteria as treatment options that could modulate host microbiota and mitigate virus-induced inflammation in the gut have been suggested by different studies [ 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 ].…”

Section: Treatment: Targeting Latent Viral Reactivation and Microbiot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Vojdani

Vojdani²,

Saidara

et al. 2023

Viruses

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A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long COVID is increasingly recognized in a significant percentage of individuals within a few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This disorder is characterized by a wide range of persisting, returning or even new but related symptoms that involve different tissues and organs, including respiratory, cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, musculo-skeletal, neurological, endocrine and systemic. Some overlapping symptomatologies exist between long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Very much like with long ME/CFS, infections with herpes family viruses, immune dysregulation, and the persistence of inflammation have been reported as the most common pattern for the development of long COVID. This review describes several factors and determinants of long COVID that have been proposed, elaborating mainly on viral persistence, reactivation of latent viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6 which are also associated with the pathology of ME/CFS, viral superantigen activation of the immune system, disturbance in the gut microbiome, and multiple tissue damage and autoimmunity. Based on these factors, we propose diagnostic strategies such as the measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, EBV, HHV-6, viral superantigens, gut microbiota, and biomarkers of autoimmunity to better understand and manage this multi-factorial disorder that continues to affect millions of people in the world.

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Section: Treatment: Targeting Latent Viral Reactivation and Microbiot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Vojdani

Vojdani²,

Saidara

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…When pathogens are eradicated with antibiotic therapy, the typical commensal microbiota may be indiscriminately eliminated, resulting in dysbiosis of the microecosystem. Compared to healthy controls, antibiotic therapy in COVID-19 patients can significantly affect intestinal flora [ 48 ]. Antibiotic overuse may have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to people buying antibiotics online pharmacies rather than visiting doctors in hospitals, as previously mentioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the output of the global literature on the links between gut microbiota and COVID-19

Zyoud

Shakhshir

Abushanab

et al. 2023

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background The term “human microbiota” refers to populations of microorganisms that live harmoniously in co-existence with humans. They contribute significantly to the host's immunological response when confronted with a respiratory viral infection. However, little is known about the relationship between the human microbiome and COVID-19. Therefore, our objective is to perform a bibliometric analysis to explore the overall structure and hotspots of research activity on the links between microbiota and COVID-19 at the global level. Methods The research literature on the microbiota and COVID-19 published between 2020 and 2022 was obtained from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis and network visualization were performed with VOSviewer. Results Of the 701 publications selected, the USA contributed the most (n = 157, 22.40%), followed by China (n = 118, 16.83%) and Italy (n = 82, 11.70%). Hotspots in this field were “COVID-19 is associated with an altered upper respiratory tract microbiome,” “the effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiome,” as well as “patient nutrition and probiotic therapy in COVID-19.” Conclusions The links between microbiota and COVID-19 remain an urgent concern at present, and the use of probiotics or/and antibiotics during the pandemic needs to be further improved. This landscape analysis of the links between the microbiota and COVID-19 will provide a basis for future research.

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“…ABO blood groups and Secretor/FUT2 status have already been associated with gut microbiome characteristics [21]. Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection has negative effects on the respiratory, intestinal and oral microbiota [55],…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 host genetics and ABO blood group susceptibility

Ellinghaus¹

2023

Camb. prisms Precis. med.

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Twenty-five susceptibility loci for SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 disease severity have been identified in the human genome by genome-wide association studies, and the most frequently replicated genetic findings for susceptibility are genetic variants at the ABO gene locus on chromosome 9q34.2, which is supported by the association between ABO blood group distribution and COVID-19. The ABO blood group effect appears to influence a variety of disease conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with COVID-19.Transmission models for SARS-CoV-2 combined with observational public health and genome-wide data from patients and controls, as well as receptor binding experiments in cell lines and human samples, indicate that there may be a reduction or slowing of infection events by up to 60% in certain ABO blood group constellations of index and contact person in the early phase of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The strength of the ABO blood group effect on reducing infection rates further depends on the distribution of the ABO blood groups in the respective population and the proportion of blood group O in that population. To understand in detail the effect of ABO blood groups on COVID-19, further studies are needed in relation

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Microbiota and COVID-19: Long-term and complex influencing factors

Cited by 34 publications

References 220 publications

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Mapping the output of the global literature on the links between gut microbiota and COVID-19

COVID-19 host genetics and ABO blood group susceptibility

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