Microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH)

Duarte, Sebastião Mauro Bezerra; Stefano, José Tadeu; Oliveira, Cláudia Pinto Marques Souza de

doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2019.04.006

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…may be a risk factor in driving the disease progression from obesity/NAFLD to NASH [ 27 ]. This theory is supported by other experimental and human studies where bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and bacteria from the Lactobacillus genus, both ethanol-producing bacteria, were involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiotasupporting

confidence: 56%

Microbiota, Fiber, and NAFLD: Is There Any Connection?

et al. 2020

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Gut microbiota can contribute to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, some specific changes of gut microbiota are observed in patients in what is called dysbiota. There has been a lot of investigation by using a variety of interventions, including diet, showing the possibility to modify components of gastrointestinal dysbiota towards healthy and multivariate microbiota to restore physiologic status. One of the main focuses has been dietary fiber (DF), in which most of its variants are prebiotics. The highest effective treatment for NAFLD is, so far, weight loss achieved by caloric restriction. DF supplementation with oligofructose facilitates weight loss, enhances the production of beneficial metabolites, decreases some pathogenic bacteria population by increasing Bifidobacteria, and has effects on intestinal barrier permeability. DF use has been associated with improvement in diverse metabolic diseases, including NAFLD, by modifying gut microbiota. Additionally, it has been shown that a higher insoluble fiber consumption (≥7.5 g/day) revealed improvements in 3 different scores of liver fibrosis. Further research is needed, but given the evidence available, it is reasonable to prescribe its consumption in early stages of NAFLD in order to prevent disease progression.

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Section: Intestinal Microbiotasupporting

confidence: 56%

Microbiota, Fiber, and NAFLD: Is There Any Connection?

et al. 2020

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“…propionate (1-13 μM) and butyrate (1-12 μM), as revealed by human studies (Bloemen et al 2009, Canfora et al 2015. Several studies suggested that high levels of SCFAs were related to obesity and excess fat deposition (Duarte et al 2019). In contrast, orally administering propionate and butyrate for 4 weeks significantly decreased the severity of high-fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance (Lin et al 2012).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 95%

SCFAs alleviated steatosis and inflammation in mice with NASH induced by MCD

Deng

Chen

et al. 2020

Journal of Endocrinology

132

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This study aimed to assess the effects of three major SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) on NASH phenotype in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet and treated with sodium acetate, sodium propionate, or sodium butyrate during the 6-week feeding period. SCFA treatment significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase, the numbers of lipid droplets, and the levels of triglycerides and cholesterols in livers of the mice compared with control treatment. SCFAs also reduced MCD-induced hepatic aggregation of macrophages and proinflammatory responses. Among the three SCFAs, sodium acetate (NaA) revealed the best efficacy at alleviating MCD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Additionally, NaA increased AMP-activated protein kinase activation in the liver and induced the expression of fatty acid oxidation gene in both the liver and cultured hepatocytes. In vitro, NaA decreased MCD-mimicking media-induced proinflammatory responses in macrophages to a greater extent than in hepatocytes. These results indicated that NaA alleviates steatosis in a manner involving AMPK activation. Also, NaA alleviation of hepatic inflammation appears to be due to, in large part, suppression of macrophage proinflammatory activation. SCFAs may represent as a novel and viable approach for alleviating NASH.

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“…Additionally, high fructose consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis, which increases gut permeability, leading to translocation of bacterial endotoxins, cytokines, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus driving hepatic inflammation and IR. Finally, fructose increases peripheral IR through LPS, cytokines, and lipid oxidation and negatively influences appetite through gut–brain axis alterations, high palatability, and leptin modulation, thereby promoting increased energy intake and weight gain [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. Upwards pointing arrows (↑) indicate increase, downwards pointing arrows (↓) indicate decrease.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Sugary Food Consumption and Other Dietary Components in Its Development

2021

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NAFLD is the world’s most common chronic liver disease, and its increasing prevalence parallels the global rise in diabetes and obesity. It is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver evolving to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory subtype that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment for NAFLD. Treatment is therefore based on lifestyle modifications including changes to diet and exercise, although it is unclear what the most effective form of intervention is. The aim of this review, then, is to discuss the role of specific nutrients and the effects of different dietary interventions on NAFLD. It is well established that an unhealthy diet rich in calories, sugars, and saturated fats and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, and micronutrients plays a critical role in the development and progression of this disease. However, few clinical trials have evaluated the effects of nutrition interventions on NAFLD. We, therefore, summarise what is currently known about the effects of macronutrients, foods, and dietary patterns on NAFLD prevention and treatment. Most current guidelines recommend low-calorie, plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, as the most effective dietary pattern to treat NAFLD. More clinical trials are required, however, to identify the best evidence-based dietary treatment approach.

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Microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH)

Cited by 58 publications

References 79 publications

Microbiota, Fiber, and NAFLD: Is There Any Connection?

Microbiota, Fiber, and NAFLD: Is There Any Connection?

SCFAs alleviated steatosis and inflammation in mice with NASH induced by MCD

Overview of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Sugary Food Consumption and Other Dietary Components in Its Development

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