Microbiota in Healthy Skin and in Atopic Eczema

Baviera, Giuseppe; Leoni, Maria Chiara; Capra, Lucetta; Cipriani, Francesca; Longo, Giorgio; Maiello, Nunzia; Ricci, Giampaolo; Galli, Elena

doi:10.1155/2014/436921

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…IL-8 and KC-like) by atopic keratinocytes that may perpetuate a proinflammatory state in the atopic skin. These data are in agreement with previous studies showing an active involvement of AMPs and keratinocytes in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of AD (1,2,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). In particular, keratinocyte-secreted AMPs serve as alarmins able to orchestrate the cutaneous immune response in AD (27,29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of antimicrobial peptides and cytokine production in primary keratinocyte cell culture from healthy and atopic beagles

Santoro

Ahrens

Marsella

et al. 2015

Experimental Dermatology

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Increased secretion of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines is present in atopic skin. The purpose of this study was to compare the production of b-defensin (cBD)3-like, cathelicidin (cCath) and cytokines in atopic and healthy canine keratinocytes. Seven atopic house dust mites (HDMs) sensitive and five healthy age-matched beagles were used. Keratinocytes were stimulated for 24 h, and the supernatant was collected. A significantly higher production of cBD3-like was present at baseline in atopic compared with healthy keratinocytes, but cBD3-like did not increase after stimulation. IL-17 and lipopolysaccharide increased cBD3-like in healthy compared with atopic keratinocytes. cCath increased in both groups after stimulation. Atopic keratinocytes exposed to HDM produced more IL-8 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine-like than healthy keratinocytes. Exposure to HDM induced an increased IL-8 in atopic keratinocytes and a decreased IFN-c in healthy keratinocytes. These results may suggest an over sensitization of atopic keratinocytes and a possible impairment of the cutaneous defense against micro-organisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of antimicrobial peptides and cytokine production in primary keratinocyte cell culture from healthy and atopic beagles

Santoro

Ahrens

Marsella

et al. 2015

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Inflammatory skin disorders often present in typical localizations and atopic dermatitis can be considered as a prime example. This specificity to sites proposes, that not only do specific microbial niches of the skin cause the growth of certain bacteria, but that the skin microbiome is important in the initiation and progression of the disease [28].…”

Section: Association Of the Microbiota With Skin Inflammatory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Biomes

Fyhrquist

Salava

Auvinen

et al. 2016

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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The cutaneous microbiome has been investigated broadly in recent years and some traditional perspectives are beginning to change. A diverse microbiome exists on human skin and has a potential to influence pathogenic microbes and modulate the course of skin disorders, e.g. atopic dermatitis. In addition to the known dysfunctions in barrier function of the skin and immunologic disturbances, evidence is rising that frequent skin disorders, e.g. atopic dermatitis, might be connected to a dysbiosis of the microbial community and changes in the skin microbiome. As a future perspective, examining the skin microbiome could be seen as a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target in inflammatory skin disorders.

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“…AD skin harbours increased Staphylococcus aureus abundance with overall decreased microbial diversity. [21][22][23][24] A recent investigation confirmed lower diversity in both lesional and nonlesional skin of patients with AD, suggesting a globally affected skin microbiome in AD. 25 Microbial diversity is also inversely correlated with disease severity.…”

Section: Atopic Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The combination of epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation in AD favours pathogenic bacterial colonization. AD skin harbours increased Staphylococcus aureus abundance with overall decreased microbial diversity . A recent investigation confirmed lower diversity in both lesional and nonlesional skin of patients with AD, suggesting a globally affected skin microbiome in AD .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Changing our microbiome: probiotics in dermatology

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Commensal bacteria are a major factor in human health and disease pathogenesis. Interest has recently expanded beyond the gastrointestinal microbiome to include the skin microbiome and its impact on various skin diseases. Objectives Here we present current data reviewing the role of the microbiome in dermatology, considering both the gut and skin microflora. Our objective was to evaluate whether the clinical data support the utility of oral and topical probiotics for certain dermatological diseases. Methods The PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for basic science, translational research and clinical studies that investigated differences in the cutaneous microbiome and the impact of probiotics in patients with atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, chronic wounds, seborrhoeic dermatitis and cutaneous neoplasms. Results Few clinical trials exist that explore the utility of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of dermatological diseases, with the exception of atopic dermatitis. Most studies investigated oral probiotic interventions, and of those utilizing topical probiotics, few included skin commensals. In general, the available clinical trials yielded positive results with improvement of the skin conditions after probiotic intervention. Conclusions Oral and topical probiotics appear to be effective for the treatment of certain inflammatory skin diseases and demonstrate a promising role in wound healing and skin cancer. However, more studies are needed to confirm these results. What's already known about this topic? The microbiome plays a role in human health and disease pathogenesis. Probiotics can manipulate the host microbiome and may confer health benefits for patients. Research to date has already begun to explore the utility of oral and topical probiotics for certain dermatological diseases. What does this study add? This review presents basic science and clinical trial data to support the role of the gut and skin microbiome in dermatology. Current data are reviewed on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, chronic wounds and cutaneous neoplasms. Future probiotic interventions are proposed.

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Microbiota in Healthy Skin and in Atopic Eczema

Cited by 61 publications

References 52 publications

Evaluation of antimicrobial peptides and cytokine production in primary keratinocyte cell culture from healthy and atopic beagles

Evaluation of antimicrobial peptides and cytokine production in primary keratinocyte cell culture from healthy and atopic beagles

Skin Biomes

Changing our microbiome: probiotics in dermatology

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