Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

Lucas, Cécily; Barnich, Nicolas; Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu

doi:10.3390/ijms18061310

Cited by 265 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 215 publications

(293 reference statements)

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“…CRC is the third cause of cancer-related death in developed countries and is probably associated with a modern lifestyle typified by limited physical activity, alcohol consumption and dietary changes [35,36]. CRC is a metastatic type of cancer that is developed in a multistep process, from normal epithelial cells via inflammation to aberrant crypt foci and progressive adenoma stages, to carcinomas [37,38]. To reduce the incidence and consequences of CRC, effective prevention and treatment strategies need to be identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes

et al. 2020

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Carrots are consumed worldwide. Several meta-analysis studies on carrot consumption have indicated that carrots play a central role as a protecting vegetable against development of different types of cancers. A cancer-preventive role of carrots is plausible because they are the main dietary source of the bioactive polyacetylenic oxylipins falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH), which have shown anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in numerous in vitro studies. In addition, purified FaOH and FaDOH have, in recent studies in colorectal cancer (CRC)-primed rats, demonstrated an anti-neoplastic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms of action for this effect appears to be due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory and transcription factor biomarkers for inflammation and cancer. However, studies of the CRC-preventive effect of carrots in a large cohort are still missing. We therefore examined the risk of being diagnosed with CRC as predicted by intake of carrots in a Danish population of 57,053 individuals with a long follow-up. Self-reported intake of raw carrots at a baseline of 2–4 carrots or more each week (>32 g/day) was associated with a 17% decrease in risk of CRC with a mean follow-up of >18 years, compared to individuals with no intake of raw carrots even after extensive model adjustments (HR 0.83 CI 95% 0.71; 0.98). An intake below 2–4 carrots each week (<32 g/day) was not significantly associated with reduced risk of CRC (HR 0.93 CI 95% 0.82; 1.06). The results of this prospective cohort study clearly support the results from studies in cancer-primed rats for CRC and hence a CRC-preventive effect of carrots.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes

et al. 2020

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is firstly a genetic disease that develop over several years involving a series of genetic changes (i.e., somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications) known as the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Emerging studies have closely linked CRC development with gut microbiota changes ( Braten et al, 2017 ; Flemer et al, 2017 ; Gao et al, 2017 ; Lucas et al, 2017 ). Earlier studies indicated a strong correlation between CRC and intestinal colonization by single bacterial species, such as colibactin-producing Escherichia coli , toxin-producing Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer

et al. 2018

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Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Sgg (formerly known as S. bovis type I) is the main causative agent of septicemia and infective endocarditis (IE) in elderly and immunocompromised persons. It belongs to the few opportunistic bacteria, which have been strongly associated to colorectal cancer (CRC). A literature survey covering a period of 40 years (1970–2010) revealed that 65% of patients diagnosed with an invasive Sgg infection had a concomitant colorectal neoplasia. Sgg is associated mainly with early adenomas and may thus constitute an early marker for CRC screening. Sgg has been described as a normal inhabitant of the rumen of herbivores and in the digestive tract of birds. It is more rarely detected in human intestinal tract (2.5–15%). Recent molecular analyses indicate possible zoonotic transmission of Sgg. Thanks to the development of a genetic toolbox and to comparative genomics, a number of factors that are important for Sgg pathogenicity have been identified. This review will highlight the role of Sgg pili in host colonization and how their phase-variable expression contributes to mitigate the host immune responses and finally their use as serological diagnostic tool. We will then present experimental data addressing the core question whether Sgg is a cause or consequence of CRC. We will discuss a few recent studies examining the etiological versus non-etiological participation of Sgg in colorectal cancer with the underlying mechanisms.

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“…Supplementation is an easy method of monitoring the total vitamin D intake, while the precise control of dietary intake of vitamin D content is rather difficult outside of a hospital environment, not to mention the sunlight exposure control. Last but not least, colorectal carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process and, apart from vitamin D, also a low intake of folic acid, fiber, calcium, high red meat consumption [42] and aberrations in proper functioning of the gut microbiota [43] are relevant influencing factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CYP27B1 Gene Polymorphism rs10877012 in Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer

et al. 2020

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer worldwide. Intestinal cells are CYP27B1 gene expression sites and, as a consequence, they are capable of converting pro-vitamin D into the active paracrine and autocrine forms. It was demonstrated that rs10877012 polymorphism in the CYP27B1 gene influenced the circulating vitamin D level. This provided a rationale for determining the role that this polymorphism plays in the risk of developing colon cancer. In this study, we investigated the association of rs10877012 (T/G) polymorphism in the CYP27B1 gene with CRC susceptibility. The study population (n = 325) included CRC patients (n = 106) and healthy controls (n = 219). DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and analyzed for the CYP27B1 polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. We found an association between the presence of the T allele at the polymorphic site (odds ratio (OR) = 2.94; 95% CI 1.77–4.86; p < 0.0001) and a decreased CRC incidence.

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Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

Cited by 265 publications

References 215 publications

Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes

Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes

Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer

CYP27B1 Gene Polymorphism rs10877012 in Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer

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