Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution

Gebrayel, Prisca; Nicco, Carole; Khodor, Souhaila Al; Biliński, Jarosław; Caselli, Elisabetta; Comelli, Elena M.; Egert, Markus; Giaroni, Cristina; Karpiński, Tomasz M.; Łoniewski, Igor; Mulak, Agata; Reygner, Julie; Samczuk, Paulina; Sérino, Matteo; Sikora, Mariusz; Terranegra, Annalisa; Ufnal, Marcin; Villéger, Romain; Pichon, Chantal; Konturek, Peter Christopher; Edeas, Marvin

doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03296-9

Cited by 153 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 255 publications

(248 reference statements)

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“…The interactions between the GM and extraintestinal organs have been grouped and are referred to as interorganic axes [ 16 ]. It is now well established that the GM plays an essential role in the development or alleviation of diseases in these specific organs outside the intestinal tract by providing an alternative means of worsening inflammation or improving symptoms.…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota and Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has even been observed that a communication system exists between gut bacteria and the CNS. These findings have led to the description of the “microbiota–gut–brain axis.” This axis includes connections between different biological systems to regulate homeostatic processes at the GI level, in the CNS, and in the gut bacteria themselves [ 16 , 28 ].…”

Section: Microbiota–gut–brain Axis (Mgb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

et al. 2022

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The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is the effect on host immunity through the uptake of nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and cells involved in the immune response. The physiological functions of the GM are not limited to the gut, but bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These interactions have been termed interorganic axes by several authors, among which the gut–brain, gut–skin, gut–lung, gut–heart, and gut–metabolism axes stand out. It has been shown that an organism is healthy or in homeostasis when the GM is in balance. However, altered GM or dysbiosis represents a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene in this context, which, according to various published studies, allows balance to be maintained in the GM, leading to an individual’s good health.

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Section: Intestinal Microbiota and Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiota–gut–brain Axis (Mgb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

et al. 2022

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“…The vast majority correspond to bacteria belonging to Phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, and the existence of 150 times more genes than in the human genome has been demonstrated ( 22 , 23 ). It consists of more than 100 trillion microbial cells that interfere not only in intestinal and absorptive functions, but also in a wide network of neuronal, mental, immunological, endocrine, and metabolic actions ( 24 ).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Aging and Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis: A New Frontier on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder of integrative areas of the brain, characterized by cognitive decline and disability resulting in negative impacts on the family of the patients and the health care services worldwide. AD involves oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and accelerated apoptosis, accompanied by deposition of amyloid-β peptide plaques and tau protein-based neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system. Among the multiple factors that contribute to the onset and evolution of this disease, aging stands out. That is why the prevalence of this disease has increased due to the constant increase in life expectancy. In the hope of finding new, more effective methods to slow the progression of this disease, over the last two decades, researchers have promoted “omics”-based approaches that include the gut microbiota and their reciprocal interactions with different targets in the body. This scientific advance has also led to a better understanding of brain compartments and the mechanisms that affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This review aims to discuss recent advances related to the gut-brain-microbiota axis in AD. Furthermore, considering that AD involves psychiatric symptoms, this review also focuses on the psychiatric factors that interact with this axis (an issue that has not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature).

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“…For example, in the gastrointestinal system, the microbiome helps in the absorption of nutrients. They protect against pathologic bacteria and play a key role in the regulation of the host immune system [ 7 ]. This intricate relationship can sometimes lead to disease development, especially when there are changes in homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of the Microbiome in the Field of Oncology

Anipindi¹,

Bitetto²

2022

Cureus

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and it can affect almost every part of the human body. Effective screening and early diagnosis of cancers is extremely difficult due to the multifactorial etiology of the disease and delayed presentation of the patients. The available treatments are usually not specific to the affected organ system, leading to intolerable systemic side effects and early withdrawal from therapies. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed an association of specific microbiome signatures with individual cancers. The cancer-related human microbiome has also been shown to affect the response of tissues to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. This is an excellent opportunity for us to design specific screening markers using the microbiome to prevent cancers and diagnose them early. We can also develop precise treatments that can target cancer-affected specific organ systems and probably use a lesser dose of chemotherapy or radiation for the same effect. This prevents adverse effects and early cessation of treatments. However, we need further studies to exactly clarify and characterize these associations. In this review article, we focus on the association of the microbiome with individual cancers and highlight its future role in cancer screenings, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments.

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Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution

Cited by 153 publications

References 255 publications

Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

The Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis: A New Frontier on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of the Microbiome in the Field of Oncology

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