Microbiota modulation as preventative and therapeutic approach in Alzheimer’s disease

Bonfili, Laura; Cecarini, Valentina; Gogoi, Olee; Gong, Chunmei; Cuccioloni, Massimiliano; Angeletti, Mauro; Rossi, Giacomo; Eleuteri, Anna Maria

doi:10.1111/febs.15571

Cited by 75 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 192 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Thus, remodeling the gut microbiota may be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD [ 473 , 474 , 478 , 479 ]. Altering gut microbiota through probiotics is a potential therapeutic strategy in AD [ 480 , 481 , 482 , 483 ].…”

Section: Possible Intervention For Neuroinflammation In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with human aging. Ten percent of individuals over 65 years have AD and its prevalence continues to rise with increasing age. There are currently no effective disease modifying treatments for AD, resulting in increasingly large socioeconomic and personal costs. Increasing age is associated with an increase in low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging) that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in AD. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, aberrant elevation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels from several endogenous and exogenous processes in the brain may not only affect cell signaling, but also trigger cellular senescence, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, a compromised immune privilege of the brain that allows the infiltration of peripheral immune cells and infectious agents may play a role. Additionally, meta-inflammation as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis may drive the neuroinflammatory process. Considering that inflammatory/immune pathways are dysregulated in parallel with cognitive dysfunction in AD, elucidating the relationship between the central nervous system and the immune system may facilitate the development of a safe and effective therapy for AD. We discuss some current ideas on processes in inflammaging that appear to drive the neurodegenerative process in AD and summarize details on a few immunomodulatory strategies being developed to selectively target the detrimental aspects of neuroinflammation without affecting defense mechanisms against pathogens and tissue damage.

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Section: Possible Intervention For Neuroinflammation In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Probiotics are microorganisms present in the human gut and when supplied in adequate quantities confer health benefits to the host [ 129 ]. Diet-based interventions include administration of probiotics through specific supplements, supplementation with PPs, probiotic enriched foods, consumption of dietary fiber, and foods rich in prebiotics [ 130 ]. Probiotics can secrete and produce bacterio-toxins (such as bacteriocins) which can suppress bacterial invasion and block pathogen adhesion to epithelial cells [ 131 ].…”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Strategies For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of high-throughput next generation sequencing methods for metagenomics, metabolomics, and informatics will be helpful in managing the databases deriving from ongoing GM studies. However, successful results depend on the treatment, disease stage, proper combination of nutrients and bacterial strains [ 130 ]. Diet, probiotics and FMT are considered to represent potential therapeutics for AD, MCI, and other neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

et al. 2021

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The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

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“…Generally, gut microbiota can be modulated via dietary intervention, microecological regulators (psychobiotics), and FMT. The modulation of gut homeostasis triggers multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, upregulation of neuroprotective hormones, restoration of impaired proteolytic pathways, amelioration of energy homeostasis with consequent decrease of AD molecular hallmarks, and improvement of behavioral and cognitive performances (Bonfili et al, 2020).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Modulation For Ad Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal loss, and is caused by several factors. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have suggested the involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with AD. The altered gut microbiota can influence brain function and behavior through the microbiota–gut–brain axis via various pathways such as increased amyloid-β deposits and tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, and chronic oxidative stress. With no current effective therapy to cure AD, gut microbiota modulation may be a promising therapeutic option to prevent or delay the onset of AD or counteract its progression. Our present review summarizes the alterations in the gut microbiota in patients with AD, the pathogenetic roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in AD, and gut microbiota–targeted therapies for AD. Understanding the roles and mechanisms between gut microbiota and AD will help decipher the pathogenesis of AD from novel perspectives and shed light on novel therapeutic strategies for AD.

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Microbiota modulation as preventative and therapeutic approach in Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 75 publications

References 192 publications

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Roles and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

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