Microbiota Regulates the TLR7 Signaling Pathway Against Respiratory Tract Influenza A Virus Infection

Wu, Sha; Jiang, Zhuhua; Sun, Yifan; Yu, Bin; Chen, Jia; Dai, Congqi; Wu, Xiaoyi; Tang, Xi-can; Chen, Xiaoyin

doi:10.1007/s00284-013-0380-z

Cited by 109 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The GIT microbiota plays an important role in the induction and regulation of host responses to various pathogens including bacteria 12–14 , fungi 15 and viruses 16–18 . Recently, we showed that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota towards a dysbiotic condition resulted in higher oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding of AIV subtype H9N2 in chickens, which was also associated with compromised type I interferon (IFN) expression 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota-mediated protection against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in chickens is associated with modulation of the innate responses

Yitbarek

Taha-Abdelaziz

Hodgins

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Commensal gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. The current study was designed to assess the role of gut microbiota of chickens in the initiation of antiviral responses against avian influenza virus. Day-old layer chickens received a cocktail of antibiotics for 12 (ABX-D12) or 16 (ABX-D16) days to deplete their gut microbiota, followed by treatment of chickens from ABX-12 with five Lactobacillus species combination (PROB), fecal microbial transplant suspension (FMT) or sham treatment daily for four days. At day 17 of age, chickens were challenged with H9N2 virus. Cloacal virus shedding, and interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β and interleukin (IL)-22 expression in the trachea, lung, ileum and cecal tonsils was assessed. Higher virus shedding, and compromised type I IFNs and IL-22 expression was observed in ABX-D16 chickens compared to control, while PROB and FMT showed reduced virus shedding and restored IL-22 expression to levels comparable with undepleted chickens. In conclusion, commensal gut microbiota of chickens can modulate innate responses to influenza virus subtype H9N2 infection in chickens, and modulating the composition of the microbiome using probiotics- and/or FMT-based interventions might serve to promote a healthy community that confers protection against influenza virus infection in chickens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota-mediated protection against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in chickens is associated with modulation of the innate responses

Yitbarek

Taha-Abdelaziz

Hodgins

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…It has been suggested that the immune response to chronic antigenic stimulation or dysregulation of the immune response could be associated with increased disease risk [49] and both of those scenarios could involve the microbiota, as the microbiota is the primary antigenic exposure in the oral cavity and is known to closely interact with the immune system at other body sites [50,51]. Overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens residing in the oral cavity because of advanced immunocompromise is another potential cause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral and conjunctival microbiotas in cats with and without feline immunodeficiency virus infection

Weese

Nichols

Jalali

et al. 2015

Vet Res

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The oral and conjunctival microbiotas likely play important roles in protection from opportunistic infections, while also being the source of potential pathogens. Yet, there has been limited investigation in cats, and the impact of comorbidities such as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection has not been reported. Oral and conjunctival swabs were collected from cats with FIV infection and FIV-uninfected controls, and subjected to 16S rRNA gene (V4) PCR and next generation sequencing. 9,249 OTUs were identified from conjunctival swabs, yet the most common 20 (0.22%) OTUs accounted for 76% of sequences. The two most abundant OTUs both belonged to Staphylococcus, and accounted for 37% of sequences. Cats with FIV infection had significantly lower relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia, Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes, and a higher relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus. There were significant differences in both community membership (P = 0.006) and community structure (P = 0.02) between FIV-infected and FIV-uninfected cats. FIV-infected cats had significantly higher relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria in the oral cavity, and significantly higher relative abundances of several bacterial classes including Fusobacteria (0.022 vs 0.007, P = 0.006), Actinobacteria (0.017 vs 0.003, P = 0.003), Sphingobacteria (0.00015 vs 0.00003, P = 0.0013) and Flavobacteria (0.0073 vs 0.0034, P = 0.030). The feline conjunctival and oral microbiotas are complex polymicrobial communities but dominated by a limited number of genera. There is an apparent impact of FIV infection on various components of the microbiota, and assessment of the clinical relevance of these alterations in required.

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“…They showed that germfree mice were more susceptible to Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and that priming germfree mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other TLR agonists increased their inflammatory responsiveness and led to better bacterial clearance and mouse survival (28). Two studies recently demonstrated that the GI tract microbiota also regulates immune defenses in the respiratory tract against influenza virus infection via the TLR7 pathway (29) or inflammasome activation (30). Gut microbiota are likely important not only in infections in the lung, as microbiota modulate tumoral immune surveillance in this tissue via the Th17 pathway as well (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Microbiota of Mice Influences Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia

et al. 2015

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c Th17 immunity in the gastrointestinal tract is regulated by the intestinal microbiota composition, particularly the presence of segmented filamentous bacteria (sfb), but the role of the intestinal microbiota in pulmonary host defense is not well explored. We tested whether altering the gut microbiota by acquiring sfb influences the susceptibility to staphylococcal pneumonia via induction of type 17 immunity. Groups of C57BL/6 mice which differed in their intestinal colonization with sfb were challenged with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an acute lung infection model. Bacterial burdens, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, cell types, and cytokine levels were compared between mice from different vendors, mice from both vendors after cohousing, mice given sfb orally prior to infection, and mice with and without exogenous interleukin-22 (IL-22) or anti-IL-22 antibodies. Mice lacking sfb developed more severe S. aureus pneumonia than mice colonized with sfb, as indicated by higher bacterial burdens in the lungs, lung inflammation, and mortality. This difference was reduced when sfb-negative mice acquired sfb in their gut microbiota through cohousing with sfb-positive mice or when given sfb orally. Levels of type 17 immune effectors in the lung were higher after infection in sfb-positive mice and increased in sfb-negative mice after acquisition of sfb, as demonstrated by higher levels of IL-22 and larger numbers of IL-22؉ TCR␤ ؉ cells and neutrophils in BALF. Exogenous IL-22 protected mice from S. aureus pneumonia. The murine gut microbiota, particularly the presence of sfb, promotes pulmonary type 17 immunity and resistance to S. aureus pneumonia, and IL-22 protects against severe pulmonary staphylococcal infection.

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Microbiota Regulates the TLR7 Signaling Pathway Against Respiratory Tract Influenza A Virus Infection

Cited by 109 publications

References 29 publications

Gut microbiota-mediated protection against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in chickens is associated with modulation of the innate responses

Gut microbiota-mediated protection against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in chickens is associated with modulation of the innate responses

The oral and conjunctival microbiotas in cats with and without feline immunodeficiency virus infection

Intestinal Microbiota of Mice Influences Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia

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