Microcapsules Containing a Biomolecular Motor for ATP Biosynthesis

Abstract

Over the past two decades, advances in modern biology and nanotechnology have enabled a rapid development in the design and building of biomimetic functional materials. ATP synthase is one of the most extensively studied molecular machines because it can be used as a rotary motor in the design of novel nanodevices and it can also continuously synthesize ATP in an artificial environment. A lot of research efforts have focused on assembling ATP synthase in biomimetic systems so that a complex cellular process can be constructed in a controllable manner. As we summarize here, layer‐by‐layer assembled microcapsules have proved to be a suitable cellular mimetic structure, which can be applied for engineering active biomimetic systems with a cellular process. An added benefit is that these assembled microcapsules can be used as bioenergy containers and thus ATP supply on demand.

Cyclodextrin-Based Microcapsules as Bioreactors for ATP Biosynthesis

“…The quantity and catalytic activity of encapsulated GOD in CS-g-PEGM/α-CD microcapsules reflect their ability of releasing proton, which is very important for ATP synthesis since the rate of ATP synthesis is dependent on the magnitude of the proton gradient. 29 The activity of entrapped GOD in cross-linked CSg-PEGM/α-CD microcapsules was 74.8% of the free enzyme activity. The small inactivation of GOD was probably caused by the UV irradiation.…”

Functions and Future Applications of F1 ATPase as Nanobioengine - Powering the Nanoworld!

“…In this application they used the function of F0F1-ATPase for the development of a nanobiosensor application to detect Clenbuterol, which is a nano-biosensor and it can be developed for detections of chemical molecules by a semi-quantitative assay [45]. He et al engineered layer-by-layer assembled microcapsules have proved to be a suitable cellular mimetic structure, which can be applied for engineering active biomimetic systems with a cellular process and an added benefit is that these assembled microcapsules can be used as bioenergy containers and thus ATP supply on demand by using functional ATP synthase [46]. 46 Nano Hybrids Vol.…”

Biosensors Based on Biological Nanostructures

“…Peptide nanomaterials form supramolecular structures which are interconnected by intermolecular interactions such as van der Waals forces, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds, among others (Cheng, Zhu et al, 2007;Colombo, Soto et al, 2007). Due to these characteristics, crystal engineering of supramolecular architectures has rapidly expanded in recent years, mainly due to the possibility of intermolecular interactions, structural diversity and potential applications (Sanchez, Arribart et al, 2005;Cheng, Zhu et al, 2007;He, Duan et al, 2008;Aizenberg e Fratzl, 2009). This structural variety is possible due to the planning and construction of supramolecular architectures, as promising building blocks that allow the design of functional molecular materials that will display some sort of ownership of technological interest (Sanchez, Arribart et al, 2005;Cheng, Zhu et al, 2007;He, Duan et al, 2008;Aizenberg e Fratzl, 2009).…”

“…In recent decades, researchers of distinct subjects have gathered efforts in developing new biomaterials for applications in various branches of medicine. With the advent of molecular biology and biotechnology, and knowing that many of these biomaterials are not specific for medical applications, studies have been directed to directed towards to biological and biomimetic materials preparation biological and biomimetic materials (Sanchez, Arribart et al, 2005;He, Duan et al, 2008;Aizenberg e Fratzl, 2009). In this new class of materials, the peptide compounds appear as promising candidates to building blocks due to their easy preparation and physical and chemical stability (Cheng, Zhu et al, 2007).…”

“…Due to these characteristics, crystal engineering of supramolecular architectures has rapidly expanded in recent years, mainly due to the possibility of intermolecular interactions, structural diversity and potential applications (Sanchez, Arribart et al, 2005;Cheng, Zhu et al, 2007;He, Duan et al, 2008;Aizenberg e Fratzl, 2009). This structural variety is possible due to the planning and construction of supramolecular architectures, as promising building blocks that allow the design of functional molecular materials that will display some sort of ownership of technological interest (Sanchez, Arribart et al, 2005;Cheng, Zhu et al, 2007;He, Duan et al, 2008;Aizenberg e Fratzl, 2009). The nanostructures obtained from biomolecules are attractive due to their biocompatibility, ability for molecular recognition and ease of chemical modification, important factors on various applications of interest.…”